19.1 FUNCTIONS & PROPERTIES OF BLOOD

Question 1

3 interrelated components in the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

blood, heart, blood vessels

Question 2

branch of science concerned with the study of blood, blood-forming tissues and the disorders associated with them

Answer 2

hematology

Question 3

a liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by a liquid extracellular matrix

Answer 3

blood

Question 4

What is the extracellular matrix called

Answer 4

blood plasma

Question 5

what is the fluid that bathes body cells and constantly renewed by the blood

Answer 5

interstitial fluid

Question 6

how does blood transport oxygen?

Answer 6

from the lungs & nutrients from the GI tract which diffuse from the blood into the interstitial fluid and then into body cells

Question 7

how does carbon dioxide and other wastes move?

Answer 7

in the reverse direction , from body cells to interstitial fluid to blood - then blood can transport the wastes to various organs for elimination

Question 8

3 functions of blood

Answer 8

1. transportation
2. regulation
3. protection

Question 9

how does book help regulate pH

Answer 9

through the use of buffers (chemicals that convert strong acids or bases into weak ones)

Question 10

blood osmotic pressure influences water content of cells mainly through interactions of

Answer 10

dissolved ions and proteins

Question 11

whore blood 2 components

Answer 11

blood plasma
formed elements

Question 12

buffy coat

Answer 12

layer between the packed RBCs and plasma - includes WBC’s and platelets

Question 13

blood plasma is made up of

Answer 13

91.5% water and 8.5 solutes (7% proteins)

Question 14

what synthesize most of the plasma proteins

Answer 14

hepatocytes (liver cells)

Question 15

what are the 3 types of plasma proteins

Answer 15

albumins
globulins
fibrinogen

Question 16

certain blood cells develop into cells that produce globulins an important type of

Answer 16

globulin

Question 17

plasma proteins are also called

Answer 17

antibodies or immunioglobins because they are produced during certain immune responses

Question 18

how does an antibody disable an invading antigen

Answer 18

by binding to the antigen (foreign substance) that stimulated its production

Question 19

3 principle components of formed elements

Answer 19

red blood cells (erythrocytes)
white blood cells (leukocytes)
platelets

Question 20

types of WBCs (5)

Answer 20

neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils
monocytes
lymphocytes

Question 21

platelets

Answer 21

formed element.
fragments of cells that do not have a nucleus
release chemicals that promote blood clotting when blood vessels are damaged

Question 22

hematocrit

Answer 22

percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs

Question 23

normal range of hematocrit in males and females

Answer 23

females - 38-46% (average 42)
males 40-54% (average 47)

Question 24

why is hematocrit higher in males

Answer 24

hormone testosterone stimulates synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO) a hormone that in turn stimulates production of RBCs

Question 25

a significant drop in hematocrit indicates

Answer 25

anemia

Question 26

polycythemia

Answer 26

percentage of RBCs is abnormally high and hematocrit may be 65% or higher

Question 27

what does polycythemia do

Answer 27

raises viscosity of blood, increases resistance to flow which makes blood more difficult for heart to pump

Question 28

increased viscosity can lead to

Answer 28

high BP and increased risk of stroke