1910s Flashcards
(20 cards)
What were the pull factors for immigtation pre WW1
Space- USA has free open land, cities could expand
Natural Resources- Land cheap with natural resources
Economic oppotunity- Big USA industry and business. lots of jobs and opportunities to set up new businesses
Wages- much better than Europe. Farmer could by land
Land of the Free- freedom of religion, speech, press
What were the push factors for immigtation pre WW1
Overcrowding- because of huge population and shortage of land Lack of Opportunity- Europe class dominated society. Difficult for a poor, uneducated person to better their position in society Unemployment- economic depression, introduction of machinery Persecution- for political and religious reasons
Between 1850-1914 how many people immigrated to America
over 40 million people
What checks were given to immigrants in early america
- had to pass through immigration processing on Ellis Island with no guarentee they would get through
- Had to pass both physical and mental medical tests
- We questioned on occupation
- yound women were held until relatives came for them to stop prostitution
Statue of Liberty- who from when was it dedicated, who built by, what is the quote on pedistal
- gift from France to celebrate 100 yearsof America’s declaration of independance
- Americans build pedestal and French built statue
- Dedicated on the 28th October 1886
- Quote: “give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me; I lift my lamp beside the golden door.
What was the melting pot
-immigration made American a mixed race society, immigrants lost their identity and became Americans, new groups often got the worst jobs and poorest pay. The further you could trace back your ancestory the better.
What were the immigration problems pre WW1
- many americans wanted to end the open door policy
- attitudes about immigrants had been changing by 1900 there wasn’t as much land available, need for workers declined, believed the quality of immigrants had declined (no education)
- Ghettos started to appear after World War 1 and became very dangerous places
What was the literacy test+ when was it introduced
1917- immigrants had to read a 40 word passage before they were allowed in, disadvantaged people from Eastern Europe, Italy and Russia as many of them hadn’t been to school
When was woodrow wilson president + what government policy did he stop
1913-1921- stopped laissez faire
When was America’s neutriality declared +what benifits did it bring
4 August 1914- huge economic benifit for USA. Lent money to Allies, sold food to Britian and France. Chemical and Plastic industry boomed becasue Germany’s industry was disrupted because of war. Average American wage raise 25c
Why did America enter world war 1
- public opinion in USA increasinly turned against Germany
- U-boat sunk passanger liner Lusitania (7/5/15) was an international crime without precedent or reason, Germany assured it wouldn’t happen again
- Wilson’s personal sympathoes lied with Britian
- German victory would of been very damaging financially
- Germany announced unrestricted submarine warfare in Jan 1917 followed by severing relationship with Germany 3 Feb
What was the Zimmerman Telegram
German Foreign minister Alfred Zimmerwann proposed in Jan 1917 that Mexico should support Germany against the USA in return Mexico were offered the possibility of gaining US territory
-telegram published March 1917 by british intelligence
When did Wilson go to congress to declare war on Germany
2 April 1917
What was the public’s reaction to the war
- people felt it was Europes war, many still had memories from trench warfare from civil war
- only 75,000 volunteers, needed 30 million
What was Americas contribituation to the war
After the surrender of Russia germany was trasferring devisions to the western front, USA units were stationed their and joined forces will allied armies to stop german advance after they had broken through British and French lines
- August 1918 allies took offensive - 1,200,000 USA troops were sent into battle
- contributed significantly to German surrender nov 1918
- cost 112,432 American lives
what happened after the War
- each nation wanted different things
- Franch (clemenceau) wanted germany to pay and weaken it so much that peace would never be broken again
- Wilson made the 14 points which were releases 8 jan 1919 which reflected the aspirations of the nations(allies)
What were the 14 points about
1-5 deal with general principles, 6-13 concerned with specific problems, 14th point was the league of nations
How did the USA emerge economically from the war
- had been one way trade with europe -> money had poured into the USA
- USA had overtaken European markets -> many USA industries had become more successful than european counterparts e.g chemicals and plastics (germany)
- Advancement of technology that other countries didn’t have
What social and economical problems did the USA have after the war
- men coming back from war didn’t have jobs
- technology had overtaken some jobs
- Americans were affraid of communist movement
- Race riots- black people who had moved from the south during the 1910s found themselves under attack
What was the view on isolationism after the war
- Americans didn’t want to be involved in European problems
- didn’t want to resolve Europes mess and around the globe
- Wanted to return to isolationsim
- Harding introduced ‘the return to normalcy’
