1920-1945 Political

Question 1

who was andrew mellon?

Answer 1

secretary of the treasury (i.e chancellor)

Question 2

what was the 1922-23 teapot dome scandal?

Answer 2

in whyoming, high officials in rep administration accused of corruption in leasing oil reserves- ruined hardings reputation

Question 3

who succeeded harding after his death in 1923?

Answer 3

coolidge

Question 4

what did harding promise during the 1920 election?

Answer 4

return to ‘normalcy’

Question 5

was harding an isolationist or expansionist?

Answer 5

isolationist

Question 6

what 3 things did the reps promote during the 1920s?

Answer 6

• low tariffs (fordney-mcumber 1922)
• low taxes
• LF/rugged individualism

Question 7

what were immigrants, especially from europe, suspected as being?

Answer 7

communists/anarchists

Question 8

what was the american dream?

Answer 8

encouraged/celebrated capitalism in the pursuit of wealth

Question 9

who were sacco and vanzetti, and why are they famous?

Answer 9

italian immigrants who were anrchists

found guilty of armed robbery and murder in 1920(executed in 27), despite 107 witnesses saying they were elsewhere at the time AND IN 1925 THE MURDERER CAME FORWARD AND CONFESSED

JURY DIDNT BELIEVE WITNESSES BECAUSE THEY WERE ALL ITALIAN

Question 10

who are WASPs?

Answer 10

white anglo saxon protestants (i.e. earliest american immigrants)

Question 11

what were the 3 most notable immigration acts of the time and what were they?

Answer 11

• 1917 immigration law= banned all from asia, had to prove they could read english, immigration fee of $8
• 1921 emergency quota act= immigrants from ‘eastern hemisphere’ could be no more 3% of the number from that country in the USA in 1910+max immigrants per year was 370k
• 1924 reed-johnson act= max immigtants per year 154k, eastern hemisphere quarter down to 2% of those in the USA in 1890, south/east europe only 20k/year, rest of europe only 4k/year

Question 12

how many banks went out of business due to the depression?

Answer 12

5000

Question 13

how much did industrial production drop by due to the depression?

Answer 13

45%

Question 14

who were the bonus marchers and what happened to them?

Answer 14

ww1 veterans who went to the whitehouse to demand their pensions early

hoover used tear gas on them, causing outrage

Question 15

give 2 economic failings of hoover during the depression?

Answer 15

• rejected Keynesianism

- reliant on voluntarism

Question 16

how did america cause the depression to become global?

Answer 16

recalled its european war loans which countries were already struggling to pay

Question 17

how much money did hoover grant the federal farm board?

Answer 17

$47m

Question 18

why was the smoot-hawley tariff bad?

Answer 18

strangled international trade

Question 19

how many people were unemployed in 1931?

Answer 19

7m

Question 20

how many votes did the dems win by in 1932?

Answer 20

7m

Question 21

give 6 reasons why fdr won in 1932?

Answer 21

• hoover blamed for depression
• hoover seen as shit on the people
• hoover seen as doing too little too late
• roosevelt had been perceived as sound during his time as governor of NY
• roosevelt a class public speaker
• new deal!

Question 22

how many speeches did fdr make on his campaign, and how far did he travel by train?

Answer 22

66

20,800km

Question 23

when did the ‘hundred days’ with the emergency powers act start?

Answer 23

9/3/1933

Question 24

give 4 ways fdr restored confidence in the american people?

Answer 24

• abolished prohibition
• fireside chats
• bank holiday (emergency banking act- closed all banks for 4 days, checking they were decent and that they would now operate by the federal reserve)
• securities and exchange commission restored faith and security in the stock market

Question 25

give 4 ways fdr sorted the economy?

Answer 25

- Budget; did not run deficit budgets, cut gov. workers wages 15% - Bankruptcies; farm loan act/ bankruptcy act/ home loan act - Prices and Wages; AAA, NRA, no more child labour - Currency; stopped people owning gold, increased price of gold to $35/ounce

Question 26

give 4 alphabet agencies and what they did?

Answer 26

- CCC: provided paid conservation work to young men-2.5m had taken part by 1941 - FERA: matched funding to help states organise payments to organise payments to the unemployed and homeless - WPA: ran works projects for the unemployed, allowing a small wage - TVA: built 21 dams in 10 years to stop flooding, provide cheap electricity and provide work

Question 27

what 2 alphabet agencies did the SC rule illegal because it took away the rights of the states to run their own affairs?

Answer 27

AAA | NRA

Question 28

what did the National labour relations act 1935 (Wagner Act) do?

Answer 28

replaced NRA protected workers rights to join a union set up national labour relations boards to prevent employers victimising workers

Question 29

what replaced the AAA?

Answer 29

soil conservation act 1935

Question 30

what did the SSA (1935) do?

Answer 30

first system of social welfare in usa - set up old age pensions - helped the disabled - helped children in need - set up unemployment insurance

Question 31

what did the national housing act 1937 do?

Answer 31

provided loans for houses | reduced excessive rents

Question 32

what did the fair labour standards act 1938 do?

Answer 32

set hours and conditions of work | fixed a minimum wage

Question 33

what was unemployment down to in 1937 compared to 1935)?

Answer 33

7.7m (down from 10.6m)

Question 34

what happened when fdr tried to cut gov expenditure in 1938?

Answer 34

unemployment rose to 10.4m

Question 35

why was the new deal bad for blacks?

Answer 35

they were often laid off directly as a result of attempts to give workers rights

Question 36

who were BRASS opposition to the new deal?

Answer 36

``` Businessmen Republicans Activists (left and right) State governments Supreme court ```