490 - Glaucoma drugs Flashcards
How does epinephrine help in the treatment of glaucoma?
↓ aqueous humor synthesis via vasoconstriction (α-agonism)
What is brimonidine and what is its mechanism in the treatment of glaucoma?
an α2 agonist; ↓ aqueous humor synthesis
Does epinephrine cause mydriasis or miosis as a side effect?
mydriasis
Is epinephrine used for open or closed-angle glaucoma?
open: due to mydriatic effect it is contraindicated for closed angle glaucoma
Blurry vision, ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation, ocular allergic reactions, and ocular pruritus are side effects of which glaucoma drug?
Brimonidine
How do β-blockers help in the treatment of glaucoma?
↓ aqueous humor synthesis
What are 3 examples of β-blockers used in the treatment of glaucoma?
timolol, betaxolol, carteolol
What is the mechanism of action of acetazolamide in its use as a glaucoma treatment?
↓ aqueous humor synthesis
What are eye-related side effects in the use of β-blockers for the treatment of glaucoma?
No pupillary or vision changes
What are eye-related side effects in the use of acetazolamide for the treatment of glaucoma?
No pupillary or vision changes
Give 2 examples of direct cholinomimetics used in the treatment of glaucoma:
pilocarpine, carbachol
Give 2 examples of indirect cholinomimetics used in the treatment of glaucoma:
physostigmine, echothiophate
How do cholinomimetics help in glaucoma?
↑ outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork
What is one glaucoma drug that can be used in an emergency? why?
pilocarpine: it is very effective at opening meshwork into the canal of Schlemm
What are the eye-related side effects of cholinomimetics?
Miosis and cyclospasm (contraction of ciliary muscle)
