Eye Pharmacology

Question 1

Phenylephrine

Answer 1

-Alpha 1 agonist (mydriatic agent)

Question 2

Atropine

Answer 2

• Muscarine antagonist (blocks parasympathetic activity)

- Mydriatic agent

Question 3

Amphetamine

Answer 3

• Releases norepinephrine from post-ganglionic sympathetics

- Mydriatic agent if postganglionic nerve is present (because postganglionic nerve contains norepinephrine)

Question 4

Cocaine

Answer 4

• Prevents norepinephrine uptake into the nerve
• Mydriatic agent if nerves work
• lack of pupil dilation indicates defect in sympathetic innervation (Horner Syndrome)

Question 5

What is a potential side effect of any mydriatic agent?

Answer 5

It can precipitate closed angle glaucoma

Question 6

Pilocarpine

Answer 6

-Muscarinic agonist (miotic agent)

Question 7

Acetylcholine

Answer 7

Muscarinic agonist (miotic agent)

Question 8

Terazosin

Answer 8

-Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist (miotic agent)

Question 9

Physostigmine

Answer 9

• Anticholinesterase

- Miotic agent

Question 10

Nicotine

Answer 10

-Miotic agent

Question 11

True or False, muscarinic agonists (miotic agents) enhance aqueous humor outflow.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Latanaprost

Answer 12

-Enhances aqueous humor outflow because it is a prostaglandin derivative and it increases uveo-scleral outflow of aqueous humor (flow through the ciliary muscle)

Question 13

What are the treatments for glaucoma?

Answer 13

• Pilocarpine (muscarinic agonists)
• Latanaprost (prostaglandin derivative)
• Epinephrine
• Timolol (beta adrenergic antagonists)
• Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)

Question 14

Botulinum toxin

Answer 14

Suppresses acetylcholine release from nerves. Relaxes skeletal muscle. Used to treat blephorospasm or strabismus.