19.4 formed elements

Question 1

what are the formed elements of the blood?

Answer 1

RBC
WBC
platelets

Question 2

what are the 2 classifications of leukocytes?

Answer 2

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 3

what is the difference between a granulocyte and an agranulocyte?

Answer 3

granulocytes have cytoplasm with large granules and multilobed nuclei
agranulocytes have cytoplasm with small granules and its nuclei are not lobed

Question 4

what are the 3 types of granulocytes?

Answer 4

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 5

what is the fn of a neutrophil?

Answer 5

phagocytize debris

Question 6

what is the fn of an eosinophil?

Answer 6

reduce inflammation

Question 7

what is the fn of a basophil?

Answer 7

histamine and heparin release

Question 8

what type of leukocyte is responsible for phagocytizing debris?

Answer 8

neutrophil

Question 9

what type of leukocyte is responsible for reducing inflammation?

Answer 9

eosinophil

Question 10

what type of leukocyte is responsible for histamine and heparin release?

Answer 10

basophil

Question 11

what are the 2 types of agranulocytes?

Answer 11

lymphocytes

monocytes

Question 12

what is the fn of a lymphocyte?

Answer 12

produce antibodies

Question 13

what is the fn of a monocyte?

Answer 13

phogocytic; exit the blood stream and become macrophages

Question 14

what type of leukocyte is responsible for production of antibodies?

Answer 14

lymphocyte

Question 15

what type of leukocyte is responsible for becoming macrophages outside the blood stream?

Answer 15

monocyte

Question 16

what is another name for platelet?

Answer 16

thrombocyte

Question 17

what is the structure of a platelet?

Answer 17

fragment of a cell

Question 18

what is the fn of platelets?

Answer 18

form platelet plugs

release chemical necessary for bl clotting

Question 19

how much of the formed elements are made up by erythrocytes?

Answer 19

95%

Question 20

describe the structure of an RBC

Answer 20

lack nuclei

biconcave disc

Question 21

what is the name for the process of blood cell production?

Answer 21

hematopoiesis

hemopoiesis

Question 22

all formed elements derive from

Answer 22

hemoblasts

Question 23

what are the components of RBCs

Answer 23

1/3 hemoglobin

2/3 lipids, atp, carbonic anhydrase

Question 24

what is the fn of carbonic anhydrase?

Answer 24

necessary for gas exchange

Question 25

what type of blood cell lives for 120 days?

Answer 25

erythrocytes

Question 26

describe hemoglobin

Answer 26

pigmented protein

Question 27

where is O2 in the blood in order to transport it from lungs to tissues?

Answer 27

98. 5% attached to hemoglobin on RBC | 1. 5% dissolved in plasma

Question 28

where is CO2 in the blood in order to transport it from tissues to lungs?

Answer 28

7% dissolved in plasma 23% in combo with hemoglobin 70% transported as bicarbonate ions

Question 29

how is CO2 changed to bicarbonate ions for transport in the blood?

Answer 29

CO2 + H2O >>carbonic anhydrase enzyme>> H2CO3 (carbonic acid) >>>> H+ + HCO3-

Question 30

describe the structure of hemoglobin

Answer 30

4 polypeptide chain (called a globin) | each bound to an Fe containing heme group

Question 31

what is the heme group?

Answer 31

the pigmented molecule to which a single O2 can combine | made of Fe and a non Fe part which is turned into bilirubin

Question 32

how many Hgb per RBC?

Answer 32

250,000

Question 33

where does CO2 bind on the hemoglobin?

Answer 33

on a globin

Question 34

what is erythropoiesis?

Answer 34

production of RBC

Question 35

describe the intermediate cells in erythropoiesis

Answer 35

hemocytoblast >>> proerythroblast >>> early erythroblast >>> intermediate erythroblast >>> late erythroblast >>> reticulocyte >>> circulating erythrocyte

Question 36

what is erythropoietin?

Answer 36

hromone that stimulates RBC production

Question 37

where is erythropoietin produced and why?

Answer 37

in kidney in reponse to low SPO2 levels

Question 38

lysosomes from macrophages breakdown

Answer 38

hemoglobin into amino acids, iron and bilirubin

Question 39

what happens to bilirubun after it is released from the heme group?

Answer 39

it travels through the plasma into the liver where it becomes conjugated it is then excreted in urine or feces