Thyroid Pharmacology - RS

Question 1

I took great notes on this lecture… I can email them to you all

Answer 1

K. Thanks. Bye.

Question 2

Untreated goiter is associated with:

Answer 2

Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and euthyroidism. A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland. There can be a variety of reasons for it: drugs, foods, primary disease.

Question 3

Thyrotoxicosis or Grave’s disease is typically characterized by:

Answer 3

Elevated serum T3, T4, and TSH receptor antibodies.

a. There should be a decrease in TSH with Grave’s disease.
b. Hashimoto’s disease is when antibodies react against the thyroid, specifically thyroglobulin.

Question 4

The following symptoms are typically observed in thyrotoxicosis or Graves disease

Answer 4

Warm moist skin, elevated BMR, & heart palpitations

Question 5

Toxic goiter is associated with

Answer 5

Hyperthyroidism. LATS – long acting thyroid stimulator. They have a much longer, chronic effect. They ramp up all of the things that TSH usually does.

Question 6

Which of the following is inconsistent with the diagnosis of Graves disease:

Answer 6

Increased plasma levels of thyroid-stimulate hormone (TSH)

Question 7

Normally the hypothalamus releases TRH and the ant. Pituitary releases TSH which cause T4 and T3 to be released.

Answer 7

a. In primary hyperthyroidism the system is trying to correct itself but the antibodies binding to the TSH receptor is causing T3 and T4 release.
b. In secondary hyperthyroidism it could be due to a tumor in the ant. Pituitary causing excess release of TSH.

Question 8

A patient has hyperthyroidism due to a pituitary tumor. Which of the following sets of physiological changes would be expected

Answer 8

Increased thyroglobulin synthesis, increased heart rate, but no exopthalamos.
a. TSH is going to be high in a pituitary tumor, however, exopthalamos is thought to be from the Ig released during

Question 9

A patient has hyperthyroidism due to a pituitary tumor. Which of the following sets of physiological changes would be expected

Answer 9

Increased thyroglobulin synthesis, increased heart rate, but no exopthalamos.
a. TSH is going to be high in a pituitary tumor, however, exopthalamos is thought to be from the Ig released during

Question 10

A patient has a goiter associated with high plasma levels of both TRH and TSH. Her heart rate is elevated. This patient most likely has which of the following:

Answer 10

Hypothalamic tumor secreting large amounts of TRH.

Question 11

A patient has an elevated plasma thyroxine (T4) concentration, a low plasma TSH concentration, and a thyroid gland that is smaller than normal. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these findings:

Answer 11

The patient is taking thyroid extract.
a. The Wolff–Chaikoff is a reduction in thyroid hormone levels caused by ingestion of a large amount of iodine. Patients with Graves’ disease are more sensitive than euthyroid patients,[5] and iodine has been used to manage Graves’ disease.

Question 12

Which of the following is used to treat Graves disease:

Answer 12

Very high levels of iodine (Wolff-Chaikoff effect), iodinated iodine to destroy the gland, antithyroid agents such as PTU, surgical removal of gland (thyroidectomy).

Question 13

A patient with primary hypothyroidism will have high TSH. Even in little babies. Low Iodine levels would reveals that they that they have a goiter from poor diet. Someone who had antibodies circulating against the thyroid would have Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism and would have normal Iodine levels

Answer 13

Fact

Question 14

Characteristics of hypothyroidism in the adult are:

Answer 14

a deposition of mucoprotein in the subcutaneous and extracellular spaces that causes edema.

Question 15

Myxedema is

Answer 15

a non-pitting edema

Question 16

Which one of the following symptoms is characteristic of hypothyroidism in the adult:

Answer 16

A deterioration of the thermoregulatory responses to cold.

Question 17

Which of the following findings is most likely in a pateitnt who has myxedema:

Answer 17

Somnolence

Question 18

Which of the following findings would likely be reported in a patient with a deficiency in iodine intake:

Answer 18

increased synthesis of thyroglobulin.

a. You don’t have the Iodine so you don’t have good thyroid hormone.

Question 19

Which of the following is characteristic of a patient with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis:

Answer 19

Elevated serum TSH and thyroid antibodies.

Question 20

Causes of hypothyroidism include:

Answer 20

autoimmune thyroiditis, surgery for hyperthyroidism, iodine deficiency,

Question 21

With elevated TSH (they are hypothyroid). Pregnancy results in high estrogen. Estrogen causes TBG (thyroid binding globulin) to be produced.

Answer 21

It causes most of the circulating thyroid hormone to be bound.