1968-83

Question 1

What was the name of the Black Consciousness organisation of high school students, central in politicising school students and encouraging them to take action?

Answer 1

South African Students’ Movement (SASM)

Question 2

When was the South African Students’ Movement (SASM) formed?

Answer 2

1968

Question 3

What was the full name of BOSS, created in 1969 to coordinate defence and police?

Answer 3

Bureau for State Security

Question 4

When was SA formally excluded from the Olympic Games?

Answer 4

1970

Question 5

What was the main aim of the 1969 Morogoro Conference in Tanzania?

Answer 5

intended to draw up plan for victory and for reform of ANC structure to facilitate it

Question 6

Which of the ANC’s National Executive and Revolutionary Council could non-blacks serve on?

Answer 6

Revolutionary Council (overseeing military struggle)

Question 7

When was South African Students’ Organisation (SASO) formed?

Answer 7

1969

Question 8

Who was allowed to join SASO?

Answer 8

Black African, Coloured, or Indian students

Question 9

How many students were arrested at the SASO 1972 strikes on university campuses?

Answer 9

> 600

Question 10

What was launched in 1972 with the aim of extending the Black Consciousness Movement’s message to workers’ unions?

Answer 10

Black People’s Convention (BPC)

Question 11

What did the UN declare in 1973 in respect of what is now Namibia?

Answer 11

SA’s ruling of the former German South-West Africa since WWI was now illegal

Question 12

Who became subject to a banning order in 1973?

Answer 12

Steve Biko

Question 13

In 1974, what did the United Party become?

Answer 13

Progressive Federalist party

Question 14

What increase in seats did the Progressive Federalist party get in the 1974 election?

Answer 14

moving from 1 to 7 seats

Question 15

Which countries became independent of Portugal in 1974?

Answer 15

Angola and Mozambique

Question 16

What did the 1974 Afrikaans Medium Decree require?

Answer 16

from 1975 at least half of all lessons in secondary schools must be taught in Afrikaans

Question 17

When was Steve Biko arrested for breaking his banning order?

Answer 17

1974

Question 18

When was SASO banned?

Answer 18

1975

Question 19

What was the 1975 Operation Susannah?

Answer 19

SA invaded Angola, using 3000 SA troops

Question 20

When did the Soweto uprising occur?

Answer 20

June 1976

Question 21

What were the two key issues that led to the Soweto uprising?

Answer 21

• use of Afrikaans in teaching
• conditions in townships

Question 22

How many children took part in the Soweto uprising?

Answer 22

20,000

Question 23

How many children shot by police in the Soweto uprising?

Answer 23

about 20

Question 24

How many armed police sent to Soweto in response to the uprising?

Answer 24

1,500

Question 25

How many seats did the Progressive and National Parties get at the 1977 election?

Answer 25

* Progressive Party - 17 * National Party - 134

Question 26

What was the Total Onslaught claimed by Botha as Defence Minister in 1974?

Answer 26

concerted attack by communists backed by USSR

Question 27

What was the 1974 Total Strategy?

Answer 27

restructuring of government with emphasis on security

Question 28

What was the 1977 UN resolution 177?

Answer 28

Arms embargo on SA

Question 29

What was the 1977 Gleneagles Agreement?

Answer 29

Commonwealth agreement to sever sporting links with SA

Question 30

What was the 1977 Committee of Ten?

Answer 30

committee formed in Soweto to organise new local government with residents voting for councils, but rejected by government

Question 31

When did Transkei get full independence?

Answer 31

1976

Question 32

When did Bophuthatswana get full independence?

Answer 32

1977

Question 33

Which police stations did MK attack in 1977?

Answer 33

Daveyton and Germiston

Question 34

When did Steve Biko die and where?

Answer 34

September 1977 in police custody

Question 35

How did police claim Steve Biko died?

Answer 35

police claimed he attacked them and fell against wall during violent struggle

Question 36

What did the inquiry conclude caused Steve Biko's death?

Answer 36

brain damage worsened by 700 mile journey to prison hospital

Question 37

What was the National Party Muldergate Scandal about?

Answer 37

significant government money spent on propaganda, eg The Citizen newspaper, bribes to other countries

Question 38

Why was the Muldergate Scandal called that?

Answer 38

Minister of Information Connie Mulder seen as main culprit

Question 39

After Connie Mulder resigned from the National Party, what party did she form?

Answer 39

Conservative Party with others from the National Party

Question 40

What consequences were there for Vorster from the Muldergate scandal?

Answer 40

He was implicated so resigned as prime minister, briefly became president then resigned from that too

Question 41

Why did ANC leaders visit Vietnam in 1978?

Answer 41

to study what is saw as its victory over US and success in uniting country

Question 42

What did UN resolution 435 call for in 1978?

Answer 42

withdrawal of SA forces from Namibia and for transfer of power to people of Namibia

Question 43

What did ANC change following its 1978 visit to Vietnam?

Answer 43

changed tactics from attacks in rural areas to guerrilla warfare in urban areas

Question 44

Where did an MK bomb explode in 1978, killing one civilian and wounding three others?

Answer 44

outside the offices of the Bantu Affairs building in Port Elizabeth,

Question 45

When did Botha become prime minister and why?

Answer 45

1979 because Vorster resigned

Question 46

When did Zimbabwe officially become independent and get black-majority rule?

Answer 46

1980

Question 47

What did MK attack many times in 1979? Give at least one example.

Answer 47

railways, eg in April improvised device discovered and defused on railway near Soweto; in December, railway in Eastern Cape was damaged by a blast

Question 48

When did Venda get full independence?

Answer 48

1979

Question 49

How equal was the spread of wealth in SA in 1980 survey?

Answer 49

SA had one of most unequal societies in world: wealthiest 10% had 58% of wealth; lowest 40% had 6% of wealth

Question 50

What was the President's Council, formed in 1981?

Answer 50

council of white, Indian and coloured formed to advise government, replacing Senate

Question 51

Why was the African Council proposed in 1981 not actually formed?

Answer 51

no blacks prepared to join

Question 52

When did Ciskei get full independence?

Answer 52

1981

Question 53

What was introduced in the 1982 Internal Security Act?

Answer 53

anyone could be investigated and banned without needing to give a reason

Question 54

What did the 1982 Inquest Act outlaw?

Answer 54

reporting of deaths in custody

Question 55

What did the 1982 Police Act ban?

Answer 55

criticism of security forces

Question 56

Who assassinated activist Ruth First and when?

Answer 56

security forces in 1982

Question 57

What were the main aims of the United Democratic Front (UDF)?

Answer 57

* to coordinate internal opposition * ultimately to form new SA government based on Freedom Charter and abandon Bantustans system

Question 58

How many organisations founded the United Democratic Front (UDF) in 1983?

Answer 58

575 organisations

Question 59

How many signatures did UDF campaign to get or mass petition against proposed new constitution and black local government?

Answer 59

1 million

Question 60

What did Ciskei workers boycott in 1983?

Answer 60

buses taking them to work in city of East London