Week 8 - Pathomechanisms

Question 1

The fundamental cause of disease is ______

Answer 1

the disruption of the natural flux of yin and yang

Question 2

Generally speaking, in externally contracted febrile diseases, the struggle between _________ is more prominent

Answer 2

evil and right qi

Question 3

__________ tends to be the prominent factor in internal damage and miscellaneous diseases

Answer 3

yin-yang imbalance

Question 4

When the chief imbalance is between right and evil, the most effective method of treatment is _____

Answer 4

attack

Question 5

Diseases primarily involving a yin or yang imbalance are treated by _____, by eliminating _____ and by supplementing _______

Answer 5

restoring the balance
excess
deficiency

Question 6

Qi, blood and fluids all __________ the body

Answer 6

circulate throughout

Question 7

As modes of communication throughout the body, the qi, blood and fluids are analogous to _______ in biomedicine.

Answer 7

nervous system (electrical signaling), endocrine system (chemical signaling)

Question 8

Fluids can be subdivided into ____ and ____. Examples of fluids in the body are ______

Answer 8

saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, vaginal lubrication

Question 9

How can the relationship between qi, blood and fluids be described?

Answer 9

They are mutually convertible. Deficiency of one impacts the other two. Blockage of one impacts the other two.

Question 10

Diseases patterns of Qi can be divided into two major categories: _______ and ______

Answer 10

qi vacuity

qi stagnation

Question 11

What are types of incorrect movement of qi?

Answer 11

stagnation
counterflow
rebellious

Question 12

Qi vacuity is characterized by what signs?

Answer 12

fatigue, weakness, spontaneous sweating, low voice, frequent catching cold

Question 13

Qi vacuity is due to ______________ giving rise to ___________ and reduced resistance to evils.

Answer 13

insufficiency of original qi

hypofunction of the organs

Question 14

The phrase “qi is affected at the onset of disease” mainly refers to _________

Answer 14

qi stagnation

Question 15

Causes of qi stagnation include ____________

Answer 15

mental & emotional disturbances, dietary irregularities, contraction of external evils, external injury

Question 16

Qi stagnation is characterized by what signs?

Answer 16

pain, distention, oppression (chest, hypochondriac, abdomen, lower burner), glomus

Question 17

The major pathologies of the blood are ______

Answer 17

Vacuity, stasis, heat, (cold)

Question 18

Bleeding may give rise to _________, while ________ may give rise to bleeding.

Answer 18

blood vacuity or stasis

blood heat and stasis

Question 19

Blood vacuity may be caused by ___________

Answer 19

excessive blood loss, SP dysfunction leading to insufficient blood formation

Question 20

Blood vacuity is characterized by _______

Answer 20

pale white or withered-yellow facial complexion, dizziness, floaters, pale tongue, palpitations, insomnia, stiffness of the sinews/tendons

Question 21

Blood vacuity is related to which organs?

Answer 21

HT-governs blood, SP-produces & manages blood, LV-stores blood

Question 22

What are causes of blood stasis?

Answer 22

external injury, hemorrhage, qi stagnation, qi vacuity, blood cold, blood heat

Question 23

The four major types of blood stasis signs are ______

Answer 23

pain, masses & swelling, bleeding, general signs (complexion, tongue, pulse)

Question 24

What type of of pain is associated with blood stasis?

Answer 24

sharped fixed pain

Question 25

What type of masses & swelling are associated with blood stasis?

Answer 25

bruises, hard swellings internally

Question 26

Bleeding resulting from blood stasis is often seen in __________

Answer 26

menstrual irregularities, postpartum diseases

Question 27

What general signs are observed in blood stasis?

Answer 27

soot-black complexion, dark and purple tongue, rough-thin pulse, dark/distended sublingual veins

Question 28

Signs of blood heat pattern are _________

Answer 28

nosebleed, vomiting blood, blood in the urine/stool, profuse menstruation, agitation, red tongue w/ thin or no coat

Question 29

What are the dual disease patterns of qi and blood?

Answer 29

dual stagnation of qi and blood
qi & blood vacuity
qi deserting w/ blood and fluids

Question 30

List stages of fluid stagnation in order of increasing severity.

Answer 30

Water swelling, damp, phlegm, fire

Question 31

What are signs of LU qi vacuity?

Answer 31

short, hasty breathing, lazy speech, low voice, cough

Question 32

What are signs of HT qi vacuity?

Answer 32

shortness of breath, palpitation, disturbed shen

Question 33

What are signs of SP-ST qi vacuity?

Answer 33

fatigued limbs, withered-yellow complexion, reduced appetite, thin stool, indigestion

Question 34

What are signs of KD qi vacuity?

Answer 34

bright white or gray stagnant complexion, dizzy vision, tinnitus, deafness, long voidings of clear urine

Question 35

What are signs of HT blood vacuity?

Answer 35

palpitations, poor memory, insomnia

Question 36

What are signs of HT-SP blood vacuity?

Answer 36

loss of appetite, uterine bleeding, menstrual irregularities

Question 37

What are signs of LV blood vacuity?

Answer 37

dizziness, flowery vision, hypertonicity of limbs, dry nails, menstrual irregularities/block/reduced menstrual flow