19th Century Canadian History WK 3 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What year was Quebec split into Upper Canada and Lower Canada?
1791
The split aimed to ease cultural tensions due to the influx of Loyalist settlers after the American Revolution.
What event caused the U.S. to declare war in 1812?
British harassment of American ships and sailors
This led to the invasion of Canada by U.S. forces.
What was the outcome of the War of 1812?
Treaty of Ghent (1814) ended war with no territory change
The war is mythologized in Canada as a patriotic victory, beginning peaceful U.S.-Canada relations.
Who governed Canada before the 1830s?
A governor and two councils (one elected, one appointed)
Elected legislative assemblies had limited power.
What social change occurred in the 1820s–1830s in Canada?
The rise of a growing middle class demanding more democracy
Reformers protested elite rule, leading to rebellions in 1837–38.
What did the Durham Report recommend?
Unification and democratic reform
This led to the Act of Union, merging Upper and Lower Canada.
What year did the Act of Union take place?
1841
It merged Upper and Lower Canada into the United Province of Canada.
What significant change occurred in 1848 regarding the Canadian government?
Introduction of Responsible Government
The governor agreed to choose a cabinet from the majority party in parliament.
What issues plagued the joint English-French parliament in the United Province of Canada?
Dysfunction due to opposing priorities
French Canadians resisted assimilation and elected radical Reformers.
What led to the creation of New Brunswick?
The split of Nova Scotia in 1784
Economic hardship and lack of democracy caused unrest in the Maritime Colonies.
What was a consequence of Britain’s support for the U.S. South during the Civil War?
Worsened Canada-U.S. tensions
This support contributed to unrest in Canada.
When was the Confederation of Canada established?
1867
Canadian leaders proposed confederation as Britain lost interest in managing Canada.
What was the outcome of the Charlottetown Conference in 1864?
Led to a federal system with national and provincial governments
The Dominion of Canada was formed on July 1, 1867.
What provinces joined the Dominion of Canada after its formation?
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia
Expansion continued with Manitoba, BC, PEI, Alberta, and Saskatchewan joining later.
What did the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) do in 1868?
Sold Rupert’s Land to Canada
This land became the North-West Territories.
How many Numbered Treaties were signed with Indigenous nations?
11 treaties (1871–1921)
These treaties allowed Canada to acquire western/northern land while retaining limited rights for Indigenous people.
What was established by the Oregon Treaty of 1846?
The 49th parallel as the modern U.S.-Canada border
Prior to this, there was joint British-American control of the Oregon Territory.
