Early History of Canada Wk 3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Who lived in Canada before European contact?
Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples lived in Canada for thousands of years before European contact.
How did Indigenous peoples arrive in Canada?
Via Bering Land Bridge (~21,000 B.C.) from Asia
This migration led to the establishment of diverse cultures in Canada.
What type of societies did Indigenous peoples in Canada develop?
Small nomadic groups with sustainable economies and rich cultures
These societies were adapted to their environments.
What were the consequences of European colonization for Indigenous peoples?
War, disease, forced relocation, and massive population decline
Systemic mistreatment continued into the 20th century.
What systemic issue affected Indigenous peoples into the 20th century?
Indian Problem, residential schools
These policies aimed to assimilate Indigenous peoples.
When were equal legal rights and dignity for Indigenous peoples recognized?
Recently
This recognition has been a significant aspect of Canadian legal reforms.
What year did Jacques Cartier claim land for France?
1534
He claimed land in Gaspé, Quebec.
What settlements did Champlain found between 1603 and 1642?
Quebec City, Trois-Rivières, Montreal
Champlain was instrumental in early French colonization.
Where did French colonization expand to?
Mississippi Basin and Ohio Valley (Louisiana)
This expansion was part of the fur trade economy.
Was slavery common in Canada?
Less common due to smaller farms; mostly domestic use
Slavery was present but not widespread like in the United States.
When was slavery abolished in Canada?
1833
The abolition was part of the British Slavery Abolition Act.
What year was Jamestown founded?
1607
This was one of the first permanent English settlements in North America.
What was the significance of the Hudson’s Bay Company?
Claimed and managed Rupert’s Land starting in 1670; became wealthy and politically powerful
HBC played a crucial role in the fur trade.
What were the Fur Wars?
Violent conflicts involving Indigenous groups and European settlers
These conflicts were primarily over control of the fur trade.
What major event occurred in 1755 related to the Acadians?
British captured Fort Beauséjour; Acadians deported to Louisiana
This was part of the larger conflict between French and British powers.
What was the outcome of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham?
British won in 1759
This battle was a pivotal moment in the French and Indian War.
What did the Treaty of Paris (1763) accomplish?
Britain gained all of New France and most of Louisiana
This treaty marked the end of French colonial ambitions in North America.
What did the Quebec Act of 1774 do?
Preserved French laws and Catholicism to maintain peace
This act was aimed at preventing further conflict in Canada.
What led to the American Revolution (1775–1783)?
British tax hikes and settlement restrictions
These policies caused unrest in the 13 colonies.
What happened in 1776 related to the American colonies?
Colonies declared independence; USA formed
This marked a significant shift in North American political dynamics.
Which regions remained loyal to Britain during the American Revolution?
Quebec and Nova Scotia
Their loyalty influenced post-war migration patterns.
What percentage of New Englanders remained loyal to Britain?
25%
Many of these loyalists fled to Canada after the revolution.
What cities were founded by loyalists fleeing to Canada?
Kingston
These cities became important centers in the new Canadian landscape.
What year was Quebec split into Upper and Lower Canada?
1791
This division reflected the cultural and linguistic differences in the region.
