1A

Question 1

What is a monomer?

Answer 1

Single molecules joined by condensation reaction to form polymers

Question 2

What are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

What are monomers of DNA?

Answer 4

Nucleus acid

Question 5

Is monomer to polymers a reversible reactions?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What reaction makes polymers?

Answer 6

Condensation reaction

Question 7

Give word equation for condensation reaction

Answer 7

Monomer + monomer —-> polymer + water

Question 8

Word equation for hydrolysis

Answer 8

Water + polymer —–> monomer + monomer

Question 9

What is in nucleic acid?

Answer 9

Phosphate
Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous base

Question 10

What does a nucleic acid monomer look like?

Answer 10

Draw

Question 11

What bond joins nucleic acid monomers together?

Answer 11

Phosphodiester bond

Question 12

What part of nucleic acid does the phosphodiester bond join with?

Answer 12

Sugar on top acid to phosphate on bottom of

Question 13

Define monosaccharide

Answer 13

The monomers of carbohydrates

Question 14

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 14

C H O

Question 15

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 15

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 16

What type of sugar is glucose?

Answer 16

Hexone as hexagon shape

Question 17

What types of glucose are there?

Answer 17

Alpha and beta

Question 18

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Answer 18

Alpha the same elements on same level

Betav opposite

Question 19

What are disaccharides?

Answer 19

The product of two monomers joined together plus molecule of water

Question 20

What reaction joins two monomers?

Answer 20

Condensation reaction

Question 21

Name the bond formed between monomers?

Answer 21

Glycosidic bond

Question 22

Glucose add glucose equals?

Answer 22

Maltose

Question 23

Glucose add fructose equals?

Answer 23

Sucrose

Question 24

Glucose add galactose equals?

Answer 24

Lactose

Question 25

What is removed in condensation reaction?

Answer 25

Water

Question 26

Example of food made of monosaccharides?

Answer 26

Fruit veg honey

Question 27

Examples of food made of disaccharides?

Answer 27

Sugar milk

Question 28

What reaction breaks polymers?

Answer 28

Hydrolysis

Question 29

What do you add in hydrolysis?

Answer 29

Water

Question 30

What test tests for sugars?

Answer 30

Benedict test

Question 31

The method of Benedict test of reducing sugars?

Answer 31

Add b reagent to solution Heat Red reducing sugar present so monosaccharides present Blue non reducing either disaccharides or

Question 32

Method for b test for non reducing sugar?

Answer 32

``` Heat with b reagent Blue non reducing present disaccharides Red reducing monomers Add hydrochloric acid to new sample break glycosidic bonds Heat Sodium hydrocarbonate to neutralise Stay blue no non reducing present Red non reducing present ```

Question 33

What does red mean in b test?

Answer 33

Red is positive, if test for reducing red if reducing present If test non reducing red if non reducing present

Question 34

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 34

Product of the joining for two or more monosaccharides via condensation reaction forming glycosidic bonds

Question 35

What is amylose hydrolysed into?

Answer 35

Alpha glucose

Question 36

How are glycogen and starch formed?

Answer 36

By the condensation reaction of alpha glucose

Question 37

What is the function of starch?

Answer 37

Stores energy for cells from glucose from respiration Excess glucose stored ass starch when need break down Mixture of 2 polysaccharides amylose and amylopectin

Question 38

What is a polymer?

Answer 38

Large complex molecules made up of monomers

Question 39

Describe the features of amylose?

Answer 39

Long unbranched chain of glucose Angle of glycosidic bonds gives coiled structure of cylinder Compact molecules so stores more in one space

Question 40

Describe the features of amylopectin?

Answer 40

Long branched chains of alpha glucose Side branches allows enzymes break glycosidic bonds quicker release energy Glucose quickly

Question 41

Is starch soluble or insoluble? What it means?

Answer 41

Insoluble not affect water potential so not allow water into cells via osmosis which would make swell Good for storage as no water in cell to swell and make less room

Question 42

Describe the features of starch?

Answer 42

Found in animal cell Stores excess glucose as part as glycogen Has branches so glycosidic bonds hydrolysed easier and quicker release glucose

Question 43

Describe features of cellulose?

Answer 43

Long unbranched chains of beta glucose When bond formed straight cellulose chains called microfibrils held by hydrogen bonds. Long straight cell wall