2A Cells Structure and Division

Question 1

Give an example of a single called algae

Answer 1

Chlorella

Question 2

Give an example of a multicellular algae

Answer 2

Seaweed

Question 3

Why are algae green?

Answer 3

Because they contain one large chloroplast

Question 4

Name all of the organelles in an algae cell. 14

Answer 4

Mitochondria Chloroplast
Golgi body - apparatus and vesicles Nucleus
Cell wall Nucleolus
Cell membrane Nuclear pore
SER Nuclear envelope
RER Ribosomes
Cytoplasm

Question 5

Name a single fungal cell

Answer 5

Yeast

Question 6

A multicellular fungal cell

Answer 6

Mushroom

Question 7

What are the cells walls of fungus made of?

Answer 7

Chitin (ky-at-tin)

Question 8

Do fungal cells have chloroplasts?

Answer 8

No they don’t

Question 9

Name all of the organelles in a yeast cell. 13

Answer 9

Cytoplasm            Nucleus 
Ribosomes           Nucleolus 
Chitin cell wall      Nuclear pore
SER                        Nuclear envelope 
RER                        Mitochondria 
Golgi body a&v    Vacuole 
Cell surface membrane

Question 10

Cell membrane also known as…

Answer 10

Plasma membrane and cell surface membrane

Question 11

What is the cell surface membrane made of? Simple

Answer 11

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 12

Where is cell surface membrane found?

Answer 12

Found on surface of animal cell

Found under cell wall in a plant

Question 13

What does the cell surface membrane do? Simple

Answer 13

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell due to its semi permeable membrane

Question 14

What is the structure of the cell wall?

Answer 14

Rigid and made up of microfibrils of cellulose

Question 15

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 15

Protects and supports a cell so it doesn’t change shape

Question 16

What cells have a cell wall?

Answer 16

Plant
Fungal
Algal

Question 17

What is the nuclear pore and where is it found?

Answer 17

A gap between the nuclear envelope

Question 18

What does the nuclear envelope do?

Answer 18

It regulates the transportation between the nuclear and the cytoplasm eg. Transcription

Question 19

What is the nuclear plasm?

Answer 19

The fluid in the nucleus that contains chromosomes

Question 20

Describe the structure of the nucleus

Answer 20

Large organelle
Holds the genetic information for the cell
Surrounded by a nuclear envelope
Contains group of chromosomes called the nucleolus

Question 21

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 21

Make RNA/proteins via transcription

Control the cells activities and reactions

Question 22

What is the structure of the mitochondria?

Answer 22

Oval shape
Has a double membrane
-outer membrane
-inner inner membrane forms crista on inside of mitochondria
Inside the mitochondria called the matrix, where respiration occurs

Question 23

Why is mitochondria found in large amounts in active cells?

Answer 23

Eg the sperm, need more mitochondria to release energy/ produce ATP to allow cells to function, sperm needs energy to swim to egg

Question 24

Describe the structure of a chloroplast

Answer 24

Double membrane
-outer membrane
-inner membrane
Stacked components are grana that have thylakoid membrane
The grana are linked by lamella
Lamella are thin flat Thylakoid membranes
Contain stroma

Question 25

Where a outs in chloroplast does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 25

In the stroma and grana

Question 26

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 26

A group of fluid filled membranes | With vesicles found on the edge

Question 27

What is the Golgi apparatus

Answer 27

Processes and packages lipids proteins | Make lysosomes

Question 28

What is the role of the Golgi vesicles?

Answer 28

Stores lipids and proteins made by the apparatus and transports them out of the cell

Question 29

What is the structure of a lysosomes?

Answer 29

It is a round organelle with no internal structure

Question 30

What is the role of the lysosome?

Answer 30

It's a type of Golgi vesicle that contains digestive enzymes= lysozymes that digest invading cells and break down worn out components eg during phagocytosis

Question 31

Where are ribosomes found?

Answer 31

Floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum to form RER

Question 32

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 32

The site of protein synthesis, during translation when the amino acids are made into chains

Question 33

What does the RER do?

Answer 33

It folds and processes proteins made by the ribosomes

Question 34

What does the SER do?

Answer 34

Synthesises and processes lipids

Question 35

What is the structure of the plant vacuole?

Answer 35

Has a membrane called tonoplast | Contains cell sap which is a weak solution of sugars and salts

Question 36

What does the cell vacuole do?

Answer 36

Maintains the pressure in cell Keeps the cell rigid, stops plants from wilting Involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals in cell

Question 37

What does the peroxisome do?

Answer 37

The site where toxic compounds are neutralised. | In the liver to break down alcohol

Question 38

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Answer 38

Provides framework for cellular activities | Maintain shape of the cytoplasm

Question 39

Does algae carry out photosynthesis?

Answer 39

Yes