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IAS Biology > 1A Chemistry For Biologist > Flashcards

1A Chemistry For Biologist Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Anion

A

A negative ion

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2
Q

Cation

A

A positive ion

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3
Q

Ionic bond

A

Bonds formed when atoms give or receive electrons they result in charged particles called ions

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4
Q

Covalent bond

A

Bonds formed when atoms share electrons ; covalent molecules may be polar if electrons are not shared equally

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5
Q

Dipole

A

The separation of charge in a molecule when the electrons in covalent bonds are not evenly shared

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6
Q

Polar molecule

A

A molecule containing a dipole

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7
Q

Dissociation

A

Splitting of a molecule into smaller molecules , atoms or ions especially by a reversible process

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8
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak electrostatic intermolecular bonds formed between polar molecule containing at least one hydrogen atoms

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9
Q

Monomer

A

A small molecule that is a single unit of larger molecule called a polymer

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10
Q

Polymer

A

A long chain of molecule made up of many smaller repeating monomers unit joined together by a chemical bonds

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11
Q

Macromolecule

A

A very large molecule often formed by polymerisation

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12
Q

Starch

A

A long chain polymer formed of glucose monomers

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13
Q

Sucrose

A

a sweet tasting disaccharide formed by joining of glucose and fructose by a 1,4-glycosidic bond

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14
Q

Monosaccharides

A

A single sugar molecule

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15
Q

Disaccharide

A

A sugar made up of two monosaccharides units joined by glycosidic bond formed in a condensation reaction

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16
Q

Polysaccharide

A

A polymer consisting of long chain of monosaccharides units joined by glycosidic bond

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17
Q

Triode sugar

A

A sugar with 3 carbon atoms

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18
Q

Pentode sugar

A

A sugar with 5 carbon atoms

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19
Q

Ribose

A

A pentode sugar that is part of structure of RNA

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20
Q

Deoxyribose

A

A pentode sugar that is a part of the structure of DNA

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21
Q

Deoxyribosnucleic acid (DNA)

A

Nuclei acid that is the genetic material in many organism

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22
Q

Ribonucleic acid RNA)

A

A nuclei acid which is the genetic material in some organism and is involved in protein synthesis

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23
Q

Hexose sugar

A

Sugar with 6 carbon atoms

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24
Q

Isomers

A

Molecules that have the same chemical formula but different molecular formula

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25
Condensation reaction
A reaction in which a molecule of water is removed from reacting molecules as a bond is formed between them
26
Glycosidic bond
A covelent bond formed between two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction which can be broken down by hydrolysis reaction to release monosaccharides units
27
Reducing sugar
Sugar that reacts with blue Benedict solution and reduce copper (ii) ions to copper (I) ions-giving brick red precipitate
28
Non reducing sugars
Sugars don’t react with Benedict solution
29
Oliogosaccharides
Molecules with between 3 and 10 monosaccharides units
30
Hydrolysis
A reaction in which bonds are broken by the addition of a molecule of water
31
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate the molecule that acts as universal energy supply molecule in all cells
32
Amylose
A complex carbohydrate containing only alpha glucose monomers joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds so the molecules form long unbranched chains
33
Amylopectin
A complex carbohydrate made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds with some 1,6 glycosidic bonds so the molecules branch repeatedly
34
Glycogen
A complex carbohydrate with many alpha glucose units joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds with many 1,6 glycosidic bonds giving it many side branches
35
Lipids
A large family of organic molecules that are important in cell membrane and as an energy store in many organisms; they include triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids
36
Fatty acids
Organic acids with a long hydrocarbon chain
37
Glycerol
Propane- 1,2,3 -triol an important component of triglycerides
38
Ester bonds
Bonds formed in a condensation reaction between the carbonyl group (-COOH) of a fatty acid and one of the hydroxyl groups (-OH) of glycerol
39
Saturated fatty acid
a fatty acid in which each carbon atom is joined to the one next to it in the hydrocarbon chain by a single covalent bond
40
Unsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid in which the Caron atoms in the hydrocarbon chain have one or more double covalent bonds in them
41
Monounsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid with only one double covalent bond between carbon atoms in the hydrogen chain
42
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid with two or more double covalent bond between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain
43
Esterification
The process by which ester bonds are made
44
Haemoglobin
A red pigment that carries oxygen and gives the erythrocytes their colour
45
Amino acids
The building blocks of protein consisting of an amino group (NH2) and carbonyl group (-COOH) attached to a carbon atom and an R atom that varies between amino acid
46
Peptide bond
The bond formed by condensation reactions amino acid
47
Dipeptide
Two amino acid joined by a peptide bond
48
Polypeptide
Long chain of amino acid joined by peptide bonds
49
Disulfide bond
A strong covalent bond produced by an oxidation reaction between sulfur groups in cysteine or methionine molecules which are close together which are close together in the structure of a polypeptide
50
Fibrous protein
Protein that have long parallel polypeptide chains with occasional cross linkage that produce fibres they have little tertiary structure
51
Denaturation
The loss of the 3D shape of protein (eg caused by changes in temperature or pH)
52
Collagen
A strong fibrous protein with a triple helix structure
53
Globular protein
Large protein with complex tertiary and sometimes quaternary structure , folded into spherical (globular) shape
54
Hydrophobic
A substance that tends to repel water and that will not mix with or dissolve in water
55
Hydrophilic
A substance with an affinity for water that will readily dissolve in or mix with water
56
Colloid
A suspension of molecule that are not fully dissolved
57
Prosthetic group
The molecule incorporated in a conjugated protein
58
Conjugated protein
Protein molecules joined with or conjugated to another molecule called a prosthetic group
59
Lipoproteins
Conjugated protein with a lipid prosthetic group
60
Glycoproteins
Conjugated protein with a carbohydrates prosthetic group
61
Protease
Protein digesting enzyme

IAS Biology (3 decks)

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