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Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

The movement of the particles in a liquid or gas down a concentration gradient from a area where they are at a relatively high concentration to an area where they are at a relatively Low concentration

Question 2

Surface area to volume ratio

Answer 2

The relationship between the surface area of an organism and its volume

Question 3

Vertebrates

Answer 3

Animals with a backbone

Question 4

Mass transport system

Answer 4

An arrangement of structure by which substances are transported in the flow of a fluid with a mechanism for moving it around the body

Question 5

Single circulation system

Answer 5

A circulation in which heart pumps the blood to the organs of gas exchange and the blood then travels in around the body before returning to the heart

Question 6

Double circulation system

Answer 6

A circulation that involves two separate circuit one of the deoxygenated blood flowing from heart to the gas exchange organs to be oxygenated blood leaving the heart and flowing to the heart and one of the oxygenated blood leaving the heart and flowing around the body , returning as deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 7

Systemic circulation

Answer 7

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the cells of the body where oxygen is used and carries the deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 8

Cardiovascular system

Answer 8

The mass transport system of the body made up of a series of Vessels with a pump ( the heart) to move through the vessel

Question 9

Active transport

Answer 9

The movement of substance from low concentration to high concentration against the concentration gradient using ATP produced during respiration

Question 10

Buffer

Answer 10

A solution which resists changes in pH

Question 11

Leukocytes

Answer 11

White blood cells

Defending the body against pathogens and in the immune system

Question 12

Platelets

Answer 12

Cell fragments involved in the clotting mechanism of the blood

Question 13

Megakaryocytes

Answer 13

Large cells found in the bone marrow and produce platelets

Question 14

Oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 14

The molecule formed when oxygen binds to haemoglobin

Question 15

Carbaminohaemoglobin

Answer 15

The molecule formed when carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin

Question 16

Carbonic anhydrase

Answer 16

The enzyme that controls the rate of reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid

Question 17

Bohr effect

Answer 17

The name given to changes in the oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin that occur due to a rise in carbon dioxide levels and reduction of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen

Question 18

Fetal haemoglobin

Answer 18

A form hadmoglobin found only in the developing fetus with a higher affinity for oxygen than adult haemoglobin

Question 19

Serotonin

Answer 19

A chemical causes the smooth muscle of the blood vessel to contract narrowing them and cutting off the blood flow to the damaged area

Question 20

Thromboplastin

Answer 20

An enzyme that sets in progress a cascade of events that leads to the formation of a blood clot

Question 21

Prothrombin

Answer 21

A large soluble protein found in the plasma that is the precursor to an enzyme called thrombin

Question 22

Fibrinogen

Answer 22

A soluble plasma protein which is nether Precursor of the insoluble protein fibrin

Question 23

Fibrin

Answer 23

A insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin that forms a mesh of fibres that traps erythrocytes and platelets to forma. Flood clot

Question 24

Cardiovascular diseases

Answer 24

Disease of the heart and circulatory system many of which is linked to atherosclerosis

Question 25

Artherosclerosis

Answer 25

A condition in which yellow fatty deposits build up on the lining of arteries causing them to be narrowed and resulting in many different health problems

Question 26

Plaque

Answer 26

Yellowish fatty deposits that form inside of the arteries in artheroschlerosis

Question 27

Atheroma

Answer 27

Another term for plaque formed on the arterial lining

Question 28

Aneurysm

Answer 28

A weakened bulging area of the artery wall that results from blood collecting behind a blockage caused by plaque

Question 29

Angina

Answer 29

A condition in which plaque are deposited on the endothelium of the arteries and reduce the blood flow to the cardiac muscle through the coronary artery ; results in pain during exercise

Question 30

Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Answer 30

The events which takes place when artheroclerosis leads to formation of a clot that blocks the coronary arteries entirely and deprives the heart muscle of oxygen so it dies it can stop the heart functioning

Question 31

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 31

Cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen

Question 32

Stent

Answer 32

A metal or plastic mesh tube that is inserted into an artery affected by artheroclerosis to hold it open and allow blood to pass through freely

Question 33

Thrombosis

Answer 33

A clot that forms in a blood vessel

Question 34

Stroke

Answer 34

An event caused by an interruption to the normal blood supply to an area of the brain which may be due to bleeding from damaged capillaries or a black age cutting off blood supply to the brain usually caused by a blood clot