1a- Classification, Patterns,factors Flashcards
Zoonotic disease - I
Transmitted from animals to humans (Large animals)
Rabies
Communicable - I
Disease which spreads easily from host to host but does not require quarantine
HIV or STDs
Non contagious - I
Disease spread by vectors not between ppl
Malaria
Contagious - I
Disease spread easily between ppl direct or indirect
Ebola or cold
What are infectious diseases
Disease caused by a pathogen
Lifestyle - Non-I
Diseases caused by lifestyle choices
Type 2 diabetes
Environment - Non-I
Disease caused by exposure to Toxins in air ,water, land, food or sun
Asthma
Nutritional - Non-I
Diseases caused by a deficiency in particular macro or micro nutrients
Scurvey
Genetics
Infectious or non-infectious
Example
Disease caused by genetic inheritance
Cancer
Endemic
Prevalence of a disease within a population or area
Epidemic
Outbreak of a disease that infects many people at the same time and spreads through a population in a restricted area
Pandemic
Epidemic that has spread worldwide affecting large numbers of people
Malaria
Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution
Infectious + non-contagious
Concentrated in Africa, S America, South Asia
3.2 billion people at risk = 97 countries
Located in Tropics = hot humid conditions allow Anopheles mosquitoes to thrive
HIV
Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution
Infectious + contagious
Global but uneven = main concentration in sub-Saharan Africa
2015 = 35 million people infected
Poverty plays large role in LIDCs and EDCs
TB
Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution
Infectious and highly contagious
Global but 95% deaths in LIDCs
2013 = 1.5 mill deaths
Poverty and overcrowding living conditions increase rates
Diabetes
Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution
Non-communicable
Global but concentrated in developed world = Europe, N America
250 million global affected = 4 million deaths a year
Type 2 , Linked to poor nutrition and physical health
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution
Non-communicable
Countries with ageing populations and higher levels of development
18 million deaths a year = 80% In middle-Low income countries
Linked to lifestyle , Smoking and unhealthy diet
What are the 4 stages of disease diffusion and what type of graph does this produce
Primary stage= very low numbers infected
Diffusion stage= number infected accelerates rapidly
Condensing stage= new cases levels out
Saturation stage= most of population have been infected so curve levels out
S shaped curve
What 4 ways of disease diffusion that Hagerstand recognised
Expansion = source point intensifies and spreads outwards
Relocation = Disease leaves area and moves to a new one
Contagious = Disease spreads through direct contact with carrier , influenced by proximity
Hierarchical = Spreads through structural sequence of places - Large city to small city to suburbs ect
What physical barriers can affect progress of disease diffusion
Distance/Proximity
Physical barriers = sea, mountains,
Climate
Seasonal
What socio-economic barriers affect disease diffusion
Political borders
Government imposed Curfews
Quarantining people
Face masks + cancelling public events
Vaccination programmes
What are degenerative disease
- result of degenerative cell changes / Mutations
- can be a result of lifestyle choices
Difference between infectious + contagious + Communicable
Infectious disease = Spread by pathogens
Communicable = Infectious disease which spreads easily but does not require quarantine
Contagious = disease is spread by direct or indirect contact , Requires quarantine
What is the neighbourhood effect in diffusion - apart of Hagerstrand model of diffusion
- probability of contact between carrier + Non-carrier
- determined by number of people living in 5x5km grid + distance apart
- essentially determined by density
- people in close proximity to carriers have a higher probability of contracting disease
