1b

Question 1

what is a carbonyl group

Answer 1

acyl fragment and another group

aka R-C=O

acyl aka i smile : 2 lips )) aka double bond

Question 2

what hybridisation is seen in a carbonyl group

Answer 2

sp2 hybridised

aka double bond

C: 3 sigma and 1 pi bond

Question 3

types of carbonyl functional groups

Answer 3

aldehyde
ketone
acyl halide
carboxylic acid
anhydrides
esters
amides

Question 4

which real life compounds have carbonyl groups

Answer 4

amino acids
aspirin
paracetamol

Question 5

what is the alpha carbon on a carbonyl group

Answer 5

the C adjacent the one with the couble bond

aka the C next to the one with the double bond

Question 6

acetone

Answer 6

CH3 - C - CH3
||
O

Question 7

formaldehyde

Answer 7

H - C - H
||
O

Question 8

benzophenone

Answer 8

Ph - C - Ph
||
O

Question 9

acetophenone

Answer 9

Ph - C - Me
||
O

Question 10

benzaldehyde

Answer 10

Ph - C - H
||
O

Question 11

acetyl group

Answer 11

Me - C -
||
O

Question 12

formyl group

Answer 12

H - C -
||
O

Question 13

benzyl group

Answer 13

Ph - C -
||
O

Question 14

MO of C=O

Answer 14

• C has 3 sigma 1 pi
  3 sp2 for the 2Hs and O
  p overlap to give pi
• O has 3 sigma and 1 pi
  3 sp2 for the 2 lone pairs and C

p overlap to give pi

Question 15

is the c=o bond shorter or longer than usual

Answer 15

shorter

Question 16

is the c=o carbonyl group polarised

Answer 16

yess!! it has a dipole moment

c is p+
o is p-

more e- densite on the O

Question 17

is the carbonyl group an electrophile or a nucleophile

Answer 17

its a electrophile

the electrophile attacks the partially positive C

Question 18

although electrophiles, aldehydes and ketones can also

Answer 18

be hydrogen bond acceptors
the lone pairs can grap a H+

Question 19

aldehydes and ketones being hydrogen bond acceptors means they are

Answer 19

soluble in water
they can form hydrogen bonds

Question 20

what is acetone

Answer 20

a good solvent
can dissolve organic + aqueous compounds

Question 21

what type of solvent is acetone

Answer 21

polar aprotic

Question 22

what does ir spec show

Answer 22

shows functional groups as they absorb different frequencies of energy.

if they have a dipole moment

forms a graph

Question 23

IR spec selection rule

Answer 23

absorbs energy equal to hv

Question 24

frequency of peak for carbonyl groups

Answer 24

1800 to 1650 cm-1

Question 25

carbonyl wavelength

Answer 25

5.5 to 6.1

Question 26

frequency corresponds to the groups

Answer 26

reduced mass
‘u’ with tail

Question 27

intesity corresponds to

Answer 27

polarity