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Digestive > 1B Anatomy of the GI Tract Wall > Flashcards

1B Anatomy of the GI Tract Wall Flashcards

1
Q

T/F The GI tract is continuous w/ the external environment

A

T

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2
Q

What is one of the most common problems with GI tracts in the US?

A

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

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3
Q

What is PUD?

A

Gastric juice penetrates the gastric mucosal barrier, injuring the gastric wall w/ its acidic and enzymatic contents

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4
Q

What is acute pancreatitis?

A

Pancreatic juice escapes the pancreas and/or duodenum. Pathology usually involves an obstructed pancreatic duct at its entrance into the duodenum

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5
Q

What happens during a ruptured appendix?

A

The colon wall tears open, allowing intestinal bacteria to escape to the abdominal and pelvic cavities, causing peritonitis or even death

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6
Q

What are the four layers of the GI tract wall?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

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7
Q

What are smooth muscle pacemaker cells?

A

Smooth muscle cells that display rhythmic, spontaneous variations in membrane potential

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8
Q

What is the prominent type of self-induced electrical activity in digestive smooth muscle called?

A

Slow-wave potential

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9
Q

What is the slow-wave potential also referred to as?

A

Basal electrical rhythm (BER) or pacemaker potential

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10
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

The neurons of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses. AKA intrinsic nerve plexus

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11
Q

What are extrinsic nerves and how do they differ from the intrinsic nerves?

A

Extrinsic nerves originate outside the GI tract and innervate the various GI organs. Intrinsic nerves are inside the walls of the GI tract

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12
Q

T/F The extrinsic nerves have both paraSNS and SNS

A

T

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13
Q

What part of the GI tract does the Vagus nerve innervate?

A

The upper GI tract - esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and ascending colon

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14
Q

What percentage of the vagus nerves are afferent vs. efferent?

A

75% are afferent

25% are efferent

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15
Q

What pelvic nerves innervate the lower GI tract?

A

S2, S3, and S4

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16
Q

What are pelvic nerves also known as?

A

Pelvic splanchnic

17
Q

What parts are included in the lower GI tract that are innervated by the paraSNS of the pelvic nerves?

A

Transverse, descending, and sigmoid colons.

Anal canal

18
Q

The majority of ParaSNS pos-ganglionic neurons servicing the GI system are what type? What are the other ones?

A

Cholinergic.

Some are peptidergic (VIP, enkephalins, neuropeptide Y, and substance P)

19
Q

What three sympathetic ganglia serve the GI tract?

A

Celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric

20
Q

What kind of fibers do these post-ganglionic fibers have?

A

Adrenergic

21
Q

What percentage of the SNS fibers are afferent vs efferent?

A

about 50% each

22
Q

How do the autonomic nerves (extrinsic nerves) influence GI tract motility and secretion?

A

By modifying ongoing activity in the enteric nervous system.
Altering the level of GI hormone secretion.
Acting directly on smooth muscle and glands.

23
Q

GI (gut) hormones get secreted from which cells?

A

Endocrine cells in the mucosa of certain regions of the GI tract

24
Q

How are GI hormones carried to other areas of the GI tract or accessory GI structures?

A

Thru blood

25
Q

What type of influences do GI hormones exert and where do they exert them?

A

Excitatory/inhibitory influences on smooth muscle and exocrine cells

26
Q

What part of the large intestine is innervated by the vagus nerve? What part by the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

A

Ascending colon is innervated by the vagus nerve.

Pelvic splanchnic nerves innervate the rest of the large intestine - transverse, descending, and sigmoid colons

27
Q

What effect does the SNS have on the GI tract?

A

Inhibitory - Slows things down - slows down motility, secretion, digestion

28
Q

When we eat, which nervous system activity is high, paraSNS or SNS?

A

ParaSNS

29
Q

Which layer of the gut has lymph nodes?

A

Mucosa

30
Q

Which layer of the gut has lots of glands?

A

Submucosa

31
Q

What are the two layers of the muscularis externa layer of the gut?

A

Circular muscle and longitudinal muscle

32
Q

Which muscle layer of the muscularis externa is responsible for segmentation? For Peristalsis?

A

Circular muscle for segmentation.

Longitudinal muscle for peristalsis

Digestive (15 decks)

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