1B Lifestyle and Disease

Question 1

Atherosclerosis steps

Answer 1

endothelial damage
inflammatory response- WBC and cholesterol form fatty streaks under endothelium
Fibrous plaque called atheroma forms
atheroma calcifies

Question 2

thrombosis steps

Answer 2

damaged vessel releases thromboplastin
triggers prothrombin->thrombin
triggers fibrinogen->fibrin
fibrin forms mesh which traps RBC and platelets to form clot

Question 3

Risk factors for CVD

Answer 3

Diet (salt and saturated fat)
High blood pressure
Smoking (nicotine increases platelet stickiness, carbon monoxide prevents oxygen binding,tar buildup in lungs)
Age (plaque buildup)
Gender (oestrogen increases HDL levels)

Question 4

Antihypertensives

Answer 4

beta blockers reduce stroke volume
vasodilators widen blood vessels
Reduces blood pressure

Question 5

pros and cons antihypertensives

Answer 5

pros-can be given in combination
cons-abnormal heart rhythms, fainting

Question 6

Statins

Answer 6

Reduce LDL cholesterol production
reduce atheroma formation risk

Question 7

statins pros and cons

Answer 7

pros-reduced risk of CVD
cons-muscle and joint pain,nausea

Question 8

anticoagulants

Answer 8

Reduce blood clotting

Question 9

anticoagulants pros and cons

Answer 9

pros-can be used on existing blood clots to prevent them getting larger
cons-excesive bleeding if injured

Question 10

platelet inhibitory drugs pros and cons

Answer 10

pro-reduce formation of blood clots, reduce growth of existing clots
cons-death by nosebleed