1C Diet and Health

Question 1

Energy for weight gain

Answer 1

When energy intake is higher than energy output, fat reserves
sustained=obese

Question 2

energy for weight loss

Answer 2

when energy intake is lower than output fat reserves are used
sustained=underweight

Question 3

monosaccharides types

Answer 3

alpha and beta glucose
galactose
fructose

Question 4

disaccharides types

Answer 4

maltose->two a-glucose
lactose-> b-glucose and galactose
sucrose-> a-glucose and fructose

Question 5

reaction by which monosaccharides combine

Answer 5

condensation

Question 6

bonds formed between monosaccharides

Answer 6

glycosidic

Question 7

polysaccharides types

Answer 7

amylose-> a-glucose 1,4
amylopectin-> a-glucose 1,4 1,6
glycogen-> a-glucose 1,4 1,6

Question 8

glycogen structure and function

Answer 8

animals
a-glucose 1,4 and 1,6
more side branches than amylopectin-release energy quickly
compact
insoluble-no osmotic effect
large- store lots of energy

Question 9

starch structures and functions

Answer 9

plants
amylose long unbranched coils- compact
amylopectin 1,4 1,6 branched quick release
insoluble- no osmotic effect

Question 10

triglycerides structure

Answer 10

glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acids with hydrocarbon tail

joined by ester bonds (condensation reaction)

Question 11

bonds in a triglyceride and type of reaction

Answer 11

ester bond, condensation reaction

Question 12

Where are saturated/unsaturated fats found

Answer 12

saturated: animal fats
unsaturated: plants

Question 13

why is the melting point of unsaturated fats lower

Answer 13

unsaturated hydrocarbon chain had c=c double bond causes a kink in the chain, prevents them from getting as close to each other

Question 14

what is a lipoprotein

Answer 14

either HDL or LDL, transports cholesterol

Question 15

HDL vs LDL

Answer 15

HDL: mostly protein.
cholesterol->liver for recycling/excretion
LDL: mostly lipid
cholesterol-> blood circulates until cells need it