1B4 Applications of Science and Technology in Daily Life

Question 1

List 3 ways that chemistry has impacted daily life.

Answer 1

1. Water purification
2. Plastic development
3. Creation of batteries

Chemical processes and innovations have led to cleaner drinking water, more flexible productions, and the development of energy storage tools such as batteries.

Question 2

How does science contribute to water purification?

Answer 2

Scientists created physical and chemical methods to produce clean water.

Methods like filtration or chlorination help to remove solids, organic material, and impurities, ensuring that water is safe for discharge or reuse.

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of detergent in household cleaning?

Answer 3

To break down grease and remove stains.

Detergents contain surfactants that lower surface tension, allowing dirt to be washed away.

Question 4

What chemical property makes baking soda effective for cleaning?

Answer 4

Its basic nature that reacts with acids to neutralize odors.

Baking soda can also absorb odors, making it a natural deodorizer.

Question 5

True or False:

Bleach is an acidic solution used for disinfecting surfaces.

Answer 5

False

Bleach is a strong alkaline solution commonly used for disinfecting and whitening.

Question 6

Why do soaps and detergents help clean greasy surfaces?

Answer 6

They have molecules that can bind with both water and oil.

The hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (oil-attracting) ends allow them to remove grease effectively.

Question 7

What are pesticides?

Answer 7

Chemicals used to deter or eliminate pests such as insects, rodents, and weeds.

Pesticides can be synthetic or derived from natural ingredients.

Question 8

What is one of the major benefits of using pesticides?

Answer 8

Increased crop yield.

Pesticides help protect crops from pests, leading to higher production and reduced crop loss, which can lower food prices.

Question 9

True or False:

All pesticides are harmful to humans and animals.

Answer 9

False

Not all pesticides are harmful. Organic and properly regulated pesticides are designed to be safe for humans and animals when used according to instructions.

Question 10

List 3 ways that physics has impacted daily life.

Answer 10

1. Improved communication
2. Development of telescopes
3. Medical imaging

Advancements in physics have led to larger cellular networks, development of complex tools like microscopes, and higher quality medical imaginging for diagnosing disease.

Question 11

What is the primary function of a battery?

Answer 11

To store chemical energy and convert it into electrical energy.

Batteries generate electricity through chemical reactions within the cells.

Question 12

True or False:

Batteries work by using only one type of chemical reaction.

Answer 12

False

Different types of batteries use varying chemical reactions, such as lithium-ion or alkaline.

Question 13

What physical principle allows a microwave to heat food?

Answer 13

The absorption of electromagnetic radiation by water molecules.

Microwaves generate waves that cause water molecules to vibrate, generating heat.

Question 14

What is a satellite phone?

Answer 14

A phone that communicates through satellites rather than cellular networks.

A satellite phone is a communication device that uses satellite signals to make calls and send messages, particularly in remote areas where traditional cellular networks are unavailable.

Question 15

What is the primary wireless connection for a mobile phone?

Answer 15

Cellular network

Cellular networks allow mobile phones to communicate by transmitting signals between phones and base stations.

Question 16

Fill in the blank:

Wireless communication uses _________ waves that travel through air.

Answer 16

electromagnetic

These waves are used for various types of wireless communication.

Question 17

How does the internet-of-things (IoT) enhance daily life?

Answer 17

It connects devices like appliances and wearables to the internet for remote control and automation.

The IoT makes everyday tasks more efficient and helps monitor and control various systems in real-time.

Question 18

What does GPS stand for?

Answer 18

Global Positioning System

GPS uses a network of satellites orbiting the Earth to send location signals to receivers on the ground, enabling accurate navigation.

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of GPS?

Answer 19

To calculate location using signals from GPS satellites.

GPS determines the user’s position (latitude, longitude, and altitude) and provides directions or tracking information for navigation.

Question 20

List 3 ways that the life sciences have impacted daily life.

Answer 20

1. Effective medicine and treatments
2. Improved public health
3. Biotechnology development

Advancements in the life sciences have allowed for higher-quality medical treatments, more complex public health initatives, and the development of ground-breaking biotechnology processes.

Question 21

How does selective breeding improve agricultural productivity?

Answer 21

By choosing parents with desirable traits to pass on to offspring.

Selective breeding allows farmers to produce plants and animals with improved yields or resistance to diseases.

Question 22

What is genetic modification(GM)?

Answer 22

The process of altering an organism’s DNA to achieve desired traits.

This technology is used to improve crops, such as making them more resistant to pests or drought.

Question 23

List two benefits of genetically modified crops.

Answer 23

1. Increased resistance to pests.
2. Improved nutritional content.

GM crops are developed to address specific challenges in agriculture, improving food security.

Question 24

True or False:

Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.

Answer 24

False

Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections, not viruses.

Question 25

# True or False: Vaccines are a **product** of biotechnology.

Answer 25

True ## Footnote Vaccines are developed using biological techniques to stimulate an immune response against specific diseases.

Question 26

What is **DNA technology**?

Answer 26

The **study** and **manipulation** of genetic material. ## Footnote This technology enables genetic research, diagnostics, gene therapy, and agricultural advancements, among other applications.

Question 27

# Fill in the blank: In DNA technology, a \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ is used to create **copies** of genes or sequences.

Answer 27

cloning vector ## Footnote [Cloning vectors](https://homework.study.com/explanation/what-is-a-cloning-vector-and-what-do-they-contain.html), such as plasmids, are used to insert specific genes into host cells for replication and analysis.

Question 28

What is the process of **toxins building up** as you move up the food chain?

Answer 28

Biomagnification ## Footnote As smaller organisms containing **toxins** are consumed by larger predators, the concentration of harmful substances like mercury increases. For example: A small fish absorbs mercury from the water. A larger fish eats many of these small fish, accumulating more mercury in its body. A human who eats the larger fish ends up with an even higher concentration of mercury.

Question 29

# Fill in the blank: The **technology** that allows for the detection of genetic material in a sample is called \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 29

DNA sequencing ## Footnote [DNA sequencing](https://study.com/academy/lesson/dna-sequencing-definition-methods-applications.html) is the technology used to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides (A, T, C, G) in a DNA molecule, crucial for identifying genetic information and diagnosing genetic disorders.

Question 30

What is **genetic resistance**?

Answer 30

The ability of organisms to **survive** exposure to a chemical, such as a pesticide, due to genetic changes. ## Footnote Pests can develop resistance through natural selection, making certain pesticides less effective over time.

Question 31

What is a common application of **nanotechnology** in medicine?

Answer 31

**Targeted** drug delivery. ## Footnote Nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver drugs directly to specific cells, such as cancer cells, minimizing side effects.

Question 32

# Fill in the blank: ________ are used in hospitals to **monitor** the heart's electrical activity.

Answer 32

Electrocardiograms | (ECG or EKG) ## Footnote **ECGs** detect *abnormalities* in heart rhythm and can diagnose heart diseases.

Question 33

# True or False: **Space exploration** has led to advancements in materials science.

Answer 33

True ## Footnote Technologies developed for space exploration, like lightweight materials and insulation, have applications in various industries.

Question 34

List out **3 ways** that the **earth sciences** have impacted daily life.

Answer 34

1. Satellites 2. GPS Tracking 3. Predicting natural hazards ## Footnote Advancements in the earth sciences led to the creation of tools like *satellites*, *localization using global positioning*, and the *prediction of upcoming extreme weather events and natural hazards*.

Question 35

What is the **role** of space technology in agriculture?

Answer 35

To **monitor** crop health and weather patterns from space. ## Footnote **Satellites** can provide data on soil moisture, crop growth, and weather, helping farmers make informed decisions.

Question 36

Which **space technology** is crucial for monitoring climate change?

Answer 36

Earth-observing satellites. ## Footnote Satellites can measure *atmospheric gases*, *sea levels*, and *temperature*, providing data on climate change.

Question 37

# Fill in the blank: **Telescopes** use lenses or mirrors to collect and magnify \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 37

light ## Footnote Telescopes allow scientists to observe distant celestial bodies, improving our understanding of space and the universe.

Question 38

How does **satellite imagery** assist in disaster management?

Answer 38

By providing **real-time views** of affected areas for quicker response. ## Footnote *Satellite data* helps authorities assess damage from earthquakes, floods, or fires, improving response times and coordination.

Question 39

Which **space technology** helps track and measure sea level rise?

Answer 39

Altimeter-equipped satellites. ## Footnote These satellites use **radar** to measure changes in sea levels, providing data for climate change research.