2B1 Forces and Motions Flashcards
Explore how force and motion are connected to key concepts such as speed, buoyancy, and gravity. (82 cards)
Define:
Motion
The change in the position of an object over time.
It occurs when an object moves from one place to another and can be described in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
What is one-dimensional motion?
Motion along a straight line.
The object moves in only one direction, like a car driving down a straight road.
What is motion in two dimensions?
Motion in a plane (horizontal and vertical).
This kind of motion involves movement in both the x and y directions, such as a projectile launched into the air.
True or False:
In one-dimensional motion, an object can only move forwards or backwards.
True
One-dimensional motion is restricted to a single axis, meaning the object only moves in one direction.
What is displacement?
Shortest distance from start to end, with direction.
It is a vector quantity because it considers both the distance and the direction of the straight line between the starting and ending points.
How is distance different from displacement?
- Distance is the total path length.
- Displacement is the straight-line distance.
Distance is scalar, while displacement accounts for direction and is a vector quantity.
True or False:
Displacement can be zero even if distance is not zero.
True
Walking in a circle results in a distance traveled but zero displacement since you end where you started.
Define:
scalar quantity
A quantity with only magnitude.
Scalars are described by a number (magnitude) only, without any directional component. Examples include mass, time, and temperature.
What is speed?
Distance traveled per unit time.
Speed is a scalar and doesn’t account for direction, unlike velocity, which is a vector quantity.
True or False:
Distance and displacement are both scalar quantities.
False
While distance is scalar, displacement includes direction and is therefore a vector quantity.
What is the formula for calculating speed?
Distance / Time
It tells us how fast something moves, and is calculated by dividing total distance by total time.
Define:
Velocity
The rate of change of displacement.
Unlike speed, velocity is a vector, meaning it also includes the direction of movement.
Fill in the blank:
Acceleration occurs when there is a change in _______.
velocity
Acceleration is defined as any change in the object’s velocity, whether in speed or direction.
What is the formula for acceleration?
a = Δv / t
Acceleration measures how quickly an object’s velocity changes over time. It is calculated by dividing the change in velocity (Δv) by the time (t) taken for this change.
A car travels 200 meters in 10 seconds. What is its speed?
20 m/s
Using Speed = Distance / Time, Speed = 200 meters / 10 seconds = 20 m/s.
Fill in the blank:
The force required to accelerate a 5 kg object by 3 m/s² is ______ N.
15
Use the formula Force = Mass × Acceleration. In this case, Force = 5 kg × 3 m/s², resulting in 15 N.
True or False:
Speed is the same as velocity.
False
Speed is a scalar, while velocity is a vector (it has both magnitude and direction).
What is work?
The transfer of energy through displacement.
Work is calculated as W = F × d × cos(θ), where F is the force, d is the displacement, and θ is the angle between them.
True or False:
Work is done when there is no displacement in the direction of the force.
False
Work requires a displacement in the direction of the applied force.
What is momentum (p)?
The product of mass and velocity.
Momentum is a vector and represents how much motion an object has, given its mass and velocity. It is represented by p.
How is momentum calculated?
p = mv
Momentum(p) is the product of an object’s mass (m) and its velocity (v). It represents the quantity of motion an object has, and the greater the mass or velocity, the greater the momentum.
True or False:
Momentum is a scalar quantity.
False
Momentum includes both magnitude and direction, so it is a vector quantity.
Define:
Force
A push or pull that causes a change in motion.
It is a vector quantity and can change an object’s speed or direction.
What are contact forces?
Forces acting when two objects are in direct contact.
Examples include friction, normal force, tension, and applied force.