1F Articular System

Question 1

Joint or Articulation

Answer 1

Refers to connections between components of the skeletal system
Origin: Articulus (Latin=joint)

Question 2

Arthrology

Answer 2

Study of joints

Origin: Arthron (Greek=joint)

Question 3

Arthritis

Answer 3

Inflammation of joints

Origin: Arthron (Greek=joint)

Question 4

Fibrous (synarthroses) joints

Answer 4

Intervening tissue is merely Fibrous connective tissue

Question 5

Cartilaginous (amphiarthroses) joint

Answer 5

Intervening tissue is cartilage

Question 6

Synovial (diarthroses) joint

Answer 6

Intervening tissue is synovial fluid and specialized to permit free movement

Question 7

Suture

*Fibrous

Answer 7

Formed by two bones whose articulating surfaces are serrated

• Is immovable
• Located only in the skull
  ex: saggital suture

Question 8

Syndesmoses

*Fibrous

Answer 8

A fibrous joint in which intervening connective tissue is of greater amount than that found in a suture

• Slightly movable
• Located between the 2 bones of the forearm and the 2 bones of the leg

Question 9

Hyaline Cartilage Joint

*Cartilaginous

Answer 9

A joint in which the intervening tissue is make of cartilage

• Immovable
• Located between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone
• Temporary condition that will later ossify

ex: Epiphyseal disc

Question 10

Fibrocartilaginous Joint

*Cartilaginous

Answer 10

A joint in which the intervening tissue is fibrocartilage

• Slightly movable
• Between adjacent vertebral bodies: intervertebral discs
• Between the right and left pubic bones: interpubic discs

Question 11

Synovial Joint

*Synovial

Answer 11

• A joint in which the intervening tissue is synovial fluid
• The ends of the articulating bones are covered by Articular Cartilage

1. It is a layer of hyaline cartilage
2. It is avascular
3. Lacks nerves
4. It is radiolucent (cannot be seen on radiographs)

Question 12

Articular capsule

*Synovial

Answer 12

The articular capsule connects together the 2 bones and completely encircles the joint, thus enclosing the synovial cavity

• Composed of two layers:
  1. An outer fibrous layer that is continous with the periosteum of the bone
  2. An inner layer that is called the Synovial Membrane that lines the inside of the fibrous layer
• Vasular and produces synovial fluid that fills the synovial cavity
• Lubricates the joint and nourishes the articular cartilage

Question 13

Synovial Fluid is derived from

Answer 13

Blood

Question 14

Gliding movements

Answer 14

• Involve a slight slipping of 1 bone over another, usually flat surfaces
• Little actual movement occurs

Question 15

Flexion

*Angular movement

Answer 15

Bending of a joint so that the angle becomes more acute

Question 16

Extension

*Angular movement

Answer 16

Straightening of a flexed joint

Question 17

Abduction

*Angular movement

Answer 17

Away from the median plane, towards the sides

Question 18

Adduction

*Angular movement

Answer 18

Toward the median plane

Question 19

Circumduction

*Angular movement

Answer 19

Combination of the above 4 movements:

-Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Question 20

Dorsiflexion

*Angular movement of the ankle

Answer 20

-Toward anterior leg

Moving the foot up

Question 21

Plantar flexion

*Angular movement of the ankle

Answer 21

-Away from anterior leg

Moving the foot down

Question 22

Eversion

*Angular movement of the ankle

Answer 22

Moving lateral surface up, pointing feet out

Question 23

Inversion

*Angular movement of the ankle

Answer 23

Moving medial surface up, pointing feet inward

Question 24

Medial rotation

Answer 24

Anterior aspect of the limb rotates medially, rotates inward

Question 25

Lateral rotation

Answer 25

Anterior aspect of the limb rotates laterally, rotates outward

Question 26

Pronation

Answer 26

Hands down, medial rotation of forearm

Question 27

Supination

Answer 27

Hands up, lateral rotation of forearm

Question 28

Classification of Synovial Joints

Answer 28

Classified according to the shapes of the articular surfaces of the constituent bones

Question 29

Plane

Answer 29

• Articular surfaces almost flat
• Allows sliding or gliding movements
  ex: between carpal and tarsal bones

Question 30

Hinge (Gingylmus)

Answer 30

• Articular surfaces present 1 or more convex projections fitting into a concave surface
• Allows movements of flexion and extension in 1 plane (saggital plane)
  ex: elbow, interphalangeal, knee, ankle joints

Question 31

Pivot (Trochoid)

Answer 31

• Articular surfaces present a rounded projection rotating within a concave depression
• Allows movements of medial and lateral rotation around a longitudinal axis
  ex: between radial and ulna

Question 32

Condyloid (Ellipsoidal)

Answer 32

• Articular surfaces present a condyloid projection fitting into a concave depression
• Allows movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction in 2 planes
  ex: wrist joint

Question 33

Saddle (Sellar)

Answer 33

• Articular surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex
• Allows movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction in 2 planes, plus rotation
  ex: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Question 34

Ball and Socket (Spheroidea)

Answer 34

Allows movement of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation in an infinite number of planes
ex: shoulder and hip