1M

Question 1

study of microbes; most of these microbes essentially need the use of various types of microscopes in order to be seen and studied.

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

very small living and nonliving entities.

Answer 2

MICROBES

Question 3

2 MAJOR CATEGORIES OF MICROBES

Answer 3

Acellular microbes and Cellular microbes

Question 4

“infectious particles” ; includes viruses and prions, lack the cell structure and organelles

Answer 4

Acellular microbes

Question 5

include all bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi

Answer 5

Cellular microbes

Question 6

disease-causing microbes

Answer 6

PATHOGENS

Question 7

microbes that do not cause disease

Answer 7

NON-PATHOGENS

Question 8

resident microbes in a particular organ/organ system

Answer 8

INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA

Question 9

resident microbiota primarily

Answer 9

bacteria and fungi

Question 10

bacteria that live on the skin are anaerobes, most commonly species of

Answer 10

Staphylococcus epidermidis, other staphylococci, Corynebacterium, and Propionibacterium

Question 11

contains abundant and varied population of microbes because area is moist and warm

Answer 11

Upper respiratory tract

Question 12

free of microbes because of inherent defense mechanisms

Answer 12

Lower respiratory tract

Question 13

shelter for numerous anaerobic and aerobic bacteria

Answer 13

microbiota of the oral cavity

Question 14

most common indigenous microbiota of the mouth

Answer 14

various species of ahemolytic streptococci

Question 15

formation of dental plaque

Answer 15

Streptococcus mutans

Question 16

Helicobacter pylori bacteria

Answer 16

Can survive and found in ulcers

Question 17

abundant microbes

Answer 17

jejunum and ileum

Question 18

contains the largest number and variety of
microorganisms, most often obligate, aerotolerant, and
facultative anaerobes

Answer 18

colon

Question 19

microorganisms most often present in colon

Answer 19

obligate, aerotolerant, and facultative anaerobes

Question 20

why are microbes from the GI tract removed?

Answer 20

result of defecation

Question 21

strile organs

Answer 21

kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, inner ear, middle ear, reproductive organs except vagina

Question 22

Pathogens that usually don’t cause any problem but have the potential to if they gain access to a part where they do not belong

Answer 22

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

Question 23

a pathogen colonizes the body and subsequently causes disease

Answer 23

INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Question 24

when a person ingests a toxin that has been pre-formed by a microbe.

Answer 24

MICROBIAL INTOXICATION

Question 25

the basic unit of life or the fundamental structure of any living organism.

Answer 25

CELL

Question 26

refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within the cell such as cell division for it to reproduce and production of ATP for growth and other activities.

Answer 26

METABOLISM

Question 27

is like the skin around the cell which separates it from the external environment and it also regulates the passage of different materials into and out of the cells because of its property of selective permeability

Answer 27

CELL MEMBRANE

Question 28

THIS IS WHERE THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES EXIST!

Answer 28

NUCLEUS

Question 29

acts as the command center of the cell

Answer 29

NUCLEUS

Question 30

like the cytoplasm in the nucleus, gel-like substance

Answer 30

NUCLEOPLASM

Question 31

in eukaryotic, there’s DNA, then located along it are the genes that carry genetic information

Answer 31

CHROMOSOME

Question 32

used to encode proteins

Answer 32

GENES

Question 33

the envelope that covers the nucleus

Answer 33

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

Question 34

semifluid, gelatinous, nutrient matrix where the organelles are immersed

Answer 34

CYTOPLASM

Question 35

convoluted membranes that serve as the transport network of tubules and flattened sacs within the cytoplasm

Answer 35

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

Question 36

presence of ribosomes, protein synthesis

Answer 36

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Question 37

absence of ribosomes, lipid synthesis, detoxification

Answer 37

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Question 38

the body that connects with the ER. It packages the proteins formed in the ER into small vesicles for storage and export outside the cell

Answer 38

GOLGI COMPLEX

Question 39

vesicles originating from the Golgi apparatus. It also contains lysozyme and other digestive enzymes in charge of PHAGOCYTOSIS and APOPTOSIS

Answer 39

LYSOSOMES

Question 40

the engulfing and digesting large particles of pathogens by phagocytes

Answer 40

PHAGOCYTOSIS

Question 41

is the breaking down old or worn-out parts of the cell

Answer 41

APOPTOSIS

Question 42

vesicles in which Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is broken down by the enzyme catalase. H2O2 is needed to be broken down to water and oxygen to be less toxic in a process called DETOXIFICATION

Answer 42

PEROXISOMES

Question 43

powerhouse of the cell because it produces ATP made from our food sources

Answer 43

MITOCHONDRIA

Question 44

present in SOME eukaryotic cells. It provides rigidity, shape and protection of the cell . Its structure in eukaryotes is much simpler compared to prokaryotes

Answer 44

CELL WALL

Question 45

present in SOME eukaryotic cells. It is long, thin, helps in motility of the cell. It has a whip-like movement and consists of 3 or more threads of protein called FLAGELLIN, twisted like a rope

Answer 45

FLAGELLA

Question 46

present in SOME eukaryotic cells - shorter, thinner, more numerous - for locomotion by beating in a coordinated rhythmic movement

Answer 46

CILIA

Question 47

(in prokaryotic cell) only contains a single, long, supercoiled DNA - serves as the CONTROL CENTER OF BACTERIAL CELL

Answer 47

CHROMOSOME

Question 48

present in SOME prokaryotic cells. It is small, circular molecule of double-stranded DNA, referred to as extrachromosomal DNA because it’s not part of the chromosome and is found in most bacteria

Answer 48

PLASMID

Question 49

hair like structures common in GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA, consist of polymerized protein called PILIN. Is much thinner than flagella, have rigid structure, not associated with motility

Answer 49

PILI / FIMBRIAE

Question 50

2 types of pili

Answer 50

SEX PILI and ANCHORING PILI

Question 51

facilitates transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another after attachment

Answer 51

SEX PILI

Question 52

helps the bacteria anchor themselves to surfaces and then able to cause diseases

Answer 52

ANCHORING PILI

Question 53

a copy of chromosome and some cytoplasm is enclosed in thick protein coats, which is now resistant to heat, cold, and to the harsh external and internal environment, formed during the process of sporulation, made up of Calcium Dipicolinate

Answer 53

SPORES

Question 54

PARTS OF A PROKARYOTIC CELL

Answer 54

CELL MEMBRANE, CHROMOSOME, CYTOPLASM, PLASMID, PILI / FIMBRIAE, SPORES, CELL WALL, FLAGELLA, GLYCOCALYX

Question 55

PARTS OF A EUKARYOTIC CELL

Answer 55

CELL MEMBRANE, NUCLEUS, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER), GOLGI COMPLEX, LYSOSOMES, PEROXISOMES, MITOCHONDRIA, CELL WALL, FLAGELLA, CILIA

Question 56

Causes diarrhea

Answer 56

Escherichia

Question 57

Importance of capsule

Answer 57

Antiphagocytic function which causes it tobe stronger

Question 58

Example of capsule bacteria

Answer 58

Neisseria meningiditis, streptococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae