1st Semester Exam

Question 0

Electromagnetic waves can transfer energy without a ___________.

Answer 0

Medium

Question 1

Electromagnetic waves both have _____________ and _____________ properties.

Answer 1

Electrical; magnetic

Question 2

The ___________ is a range of the following waves in order from least energy, lowest frequency, and longest wavelength to most energy, highest frequency, and shortest wavelength: ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________, and ___________.

Answer 2

Electromagnetic spectrum; radiowave; microwave; infrared waves; visible light; ultraviolet; x-rays; gamma rays.

Question 3

An electromagnetic wave from the sun travels through space at ___________ because space is a ___________ so all the waves travel at the same ___________.

Answer 3

The speed of light; vacuum; speed

Question 4

___________ reflection occurs when parallel rays of light hit a smooth surface.

Answer 4

Regular

Question 5

___________ reflection occurs when parallel rays of light hit a bumpy surface.

Answer 5

Defuse

Question 6

A white T-shirt will ___________ ___________ light.

Answer 6

Reflect; all

Question 7

A black T-shirt will ___________ ___________ light.

Answer 7

Absorb; all

Question 8

A blue T-shirt will ___________ ___________ light and ___________ ___________ ___________ light.

Answer 8

Reflect; blue; absorb; the; other

Question 9

Light ___________ when it passes from air into water.

Answer 9

Slows down

Question 10

The bending of light when it enters a new medium.

Answer 10

Refraction

Question 11

A wave speed through a substance is determined by the ___________.

Answer 11

Temperature, density, and compressibility (physical properties).

Question 12

Sounds travel the fastest through ___________ and slowest through ___________.

Answer 12

Solids; gases

Question 13

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

Answer 13

Temperature

Question 14

The total energy of all the particles in a substance.

Answer 14

Thermal energy

Question 15

The movement of thermal energy from a warm object to a cool object.

Answer 15

Heat

Question 16

Heat transfer from one particle of matter to another within an object or between two objects touching.

Answer 16

Conduction

Question 17

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

Answer 17

Radiation

Question 18

Cells obtain energy by breaking bonds, which releases ___________ energy.

Answer 18

Chemical

Question 19

In a hydroelectric plant, the mechanical energy in moving water is transformed into ___________ energy.

Answer 19

Electrical

Question 20

The law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is transformed to another, energy is ___________.

Answer 20

Neither destroyed nor created during a transformation

Question 21

The Earth’s layer starting from the Earth’s surface to the middle: ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________.

Answer 21

Crust; mantle; outer core; inner core

Question 22

The coldest layer is the ___________ and the hottest layer is the ___________.

Answer 22

Crust; inner core

Question 23

The layer with the least pressure is the ___________ and the layer with the most pressure is the ___________.

Answer 23

Crust; inner core

Question 24

Convection currents of hot rock are in this layer.

Answer 24

Mantle

Question 25

What are the three types of rocks?

Answer 25

Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic

Question 26

Other rocks put under heat and pressure can turn into ___________ rock.

Answer 26

Metamorphic

Question 27

Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation make ___________ rock.

Answer 27

Sedimentary rock

Question 28

What is the only type of rocks that contain fossils?

Answer 28

Sedimentary rock

Question 29

When organisms die, what are the parts that are most likely to fossilize and why?

Answer 29

The hard parts (bones, shells, teeth, seeds, and woody stems) because the soft parts decay quickly.

Question 30

What does the fossil record show?

Answer 30

The fossil record provides evidence about the history and life in past environments on Earth. It also shows how different groups of organisms have changed over time.

Question 31

How are fossils used to determine the age of rocks?

Answer 31

Index fossils that only existed for geological short time and scientists know when it existed, that means the rocks around it are around the same age.

Question 32

Describe how scientists determine the relative age of rocks.

Answer 32

They use the law of superposition, which says that rock layers closest to the surface are younger than the ones below it.

Question 33

How do scientists find the absolute age of rocks?

Answer 33

They use radioactive decay to measure the age of rocks. This can only be used on to date igneous rock.

Question 34

What is the geologic timescale?

Answer 34

A record of the geological events and the evolution of lifeforms as shown in the fossil record.

Question 35

What did scientists use to develop the geologic timescale?

Answer 35

They studied rock layers and index fossils worldwide to find the relative age of rocks.

Question 36

The independent variable goes on the ___________ axis and ___________ change it.

Answer 36

x; you/scientists

Question 37

The dependent variable goes on the ___________ axis and ___________ change.

Answer 37

y; measures

Question 38

Repeating your experiment over and over again.

Answer 38

Repetition

Question 39

When another scientist repeats your experiment.

Answer 39

Replication

Question 40

A well tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results.

Answer 40

Theory

Question 41

A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen under a particular set of conditions.

Answer 41

Law

Question 42

Scientific explanations, theories, and laws are based on what?

Answer 42

Empirical evidence

Question 43

When does science change?

Answer 43

When there is new evidence or new interpretations. Also when future testing proves it a theory to be incorrect, or forms in a new theory.

Question 44

The transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas).

Answer 44

Convection