1st Test Flashcards
Root of philosophy
Wonder and awe
Ethics
Study of right behavior
Epistemology
Study of knowledge
Cosmology
Study of world
Aesthetics
Theory of beauty
Ontology
Study of being
Socrates’ influence
Most influential philopspher. Anthropological
Socrates’ game changers
We know him because Plato write his speeches
First martyr of philosophy
Questioning everything was more important than survival
Socrates’ four principles of philosophy
I examined life is not worth living
Objective truth that must be followed to live a good life
Truth lies within each of us. Only critical examination of ourselves will reveal that truth
No one can teach anyone the principles of right action and clear thinking
Socratic method
Question posed to someone who claims to know something
Socrates finds minor flaws in argument
Both admit that they know nothing and are ignorant
Fundamental philosophical division
Cosmology and anthropology
Thales
Reducionism, believed everything can be derived from water
Anaximander
Boundless/unlimited - believed that the element which made up everything would have to be boundless, unspecific
Entropy- nothing in the world can be predicted
Natural laws- believed natural laws govern these processes with inevitability
Anaximenes
Believed that the air we experience is halfway point between all other forms in which primordial air can be transformed through transformation
Pythagoras
Held curious view that all things are made up of numbers
Xenophanes
Anthropomorphism- attacked religious and moral views presented to the Greek people by greatest poets, homer and Hesiod
Empedocles
“Four roots”- believed everything was composed of a plurality of things - earth wind fire water
Two forces responsible for change and movement
Love - unity
Strife - destruction
Anaxagoras
Infinite seeds - Empedocles four roots but with infinite seeds
Mind (nous) - doesn’t believe in love and strife. Change is due to to intelligent rational order - animate
Inanimate - has mind but is ordered externally
Atomism
World is composed of material bodies which they called atoms
- Lucretius & leucippus and Democritus
Stoicism
Post Socratic, founded by Zeno of Cyprus. Interest in human conduct. Virtue equals knowledge
Asceticism
Achieve state of blessedness by freeing oneself of all worldly demands, particularly those of emotions and pleasure
Philosophy
Knowledge and way of life
