2/12 Antimicrobials 3

Question 1

Differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene transcription

Answer 1

Prokary

• Transcription and translation coupled
• Topoisomerase 2 and 4 are used (different from human ones)

Question 2

DNA Gyrase (topoisomerase 2) function

Answer 2

relaxes supercoling of bacterial DNA

Question 3

TOpoisomerase 4 funtion

Answer 3

Unlinks DNA after replicaiton

Question 4

Without either topoisomerase 2 or 4 what happens to bacterial DNA

Answer 4

Fragmentation of DNA

Question 5

Quinolone bactericidal or bacteriostatic

Answer 5

Bacteriocidal

Question 6

SPectrum of quinolones

Answer 6

Broad

Question 7

Mechanism of quinolones

Answer 7

Blocks TOPO 2 and 4

Question 8

Blockage of TOPO 2 affects who

Answer 8

Gram negative

Question 9

Blockage of TOPO 4 affects

Answer 9

Gram Positive

Question 10

What type of drug?generaqtion is ciproflaxin

Answer 10

2nd generation quinolone

Question 11

Ciprofloxacin is the drug of choice for what?

Answer 11

Prophilaxis or treatment of anthrax

Question 12

WHat is the best quinolone for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 12

Ciprofloxacin

Question 13

DOes Ciprofloxacin treat Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Answer 13

Yes, but not the drug of choice

Question 14

What drug treats traveler’s diarrhea? (E. Coli)`

Answer 14

Ciprofloxacin

Question 15

What is levofloxacin

Answer 15

3rd gen quinolone

Question 16

What is levofloxacin good for?

Answer 16

S. pneumo or H. influenza respiratory infections when resistant or allergic to Beta lactams

Question 17

What is maxifloxacin

Answer 17

4th gen quinolone

Question 18

What is oxfloxacin

Answer 18

3rd gen quinolone.

Only CNS penetrant fluoroquinolone

Question 19

What is the best respiratoty quinolone?

Answer 19

Moxifloxacin

Question 20

WHat is the best quinolone for P. aeruginosa?

Answer 20

Ciprofloxacin

Question 21

What is teh worst quinolone for P. aeruginosa

Answer 21

Moxifloxacin

Question 22

How are quinolones administered and how much is absorbed?

Answer 22

PO or IV

95% absorbed orally

Question 23

Where do quinolones accumulate

Answer 23

in lung

Question 24

Who shouldn’t take fluoroquinolones?

Answer 24

ASthma
Epilepsy
NSAIDs
Preg and nursing mothers
CHildren
Myesthenia Gravis

Question 25

Adverse effect of fluoroquinolones

Answer 25

C. diff superinfection Disulfuram - like interactions with alcohol Tendinitis

Question 26

Non - quinolone drugs that inhibit NA synthesis

Answer 26

1) Metronidazole 2) Rifampin 3) Nitrofurantoin

Question 27

Metronidazole mechanism

Answer 27

Inhibits DNA replication

Question 28

Metronidazole is the drug of choice for | 2

Answer 28

C diff | Tetanus

Question 29

Adverse effects of metro

Answer 29

Disulfuram like interaction

Question 30

Rifampin mechanism

Answer 30

inhibits DNA - dependent bacterial RNA polymerase

Question 31

Clinical use rifampin

Answer 31

Mycobacteria | so, tuberculosis, leporsy, legionella

Question 32

Adverse effects rifampin

Answer 32

Urine and sweat turns orange Hepatoxicity risk dependant on doise CYP 450 inducer (increases metabolism of drugs)

Question 33

Nitrofurantoin mechanism

Answer 33

Highly reaactive intermediates that affect DNA

Question 34

Nitrofurantoin CLinical use

Answer 34

uncomplicated UTI | prophylaxis of UTI

Question 35

Nitrofurantoin contraindications

Answer 35

Decrased renal function | last 4 weeks of pregnancy and neonates up to 1 month causes hemolytic anemia

Question 36

Nitrofurantoin penetrates tissue only where?

Answer 36

Urinary tract