#2

Question 1

what does the acronym, DNA, strand for?

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

where in the cell is DNA found

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

why is DNA so important to a cell?

Answer 3

it contains the instructions to make everything

Question 4

what are the subunits that nucleic acids are made of

Answer 4

nucleotides

Question 5

what are the sides of a DNA molecule made of?

Answer 5

sugars and phosphates

Question 6

what are the insides/”rungs” of a DNA molecule made of

Answer 6

nitrogen bases

Question 7

what is the name of the sugar in DNA

Answer 7

deoxyribose

Question 8

what is the differences in purines and pyrimidines

Answer 8

purines are double ringed pyrimidines are single ringed

Question 9

what are the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA

Answer 9

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Question 10

what are the 2 base pairs of DNA

Answer 10

purines, pyrimidines

Question 11

what is the shape of DNA called

Answer 11

double helix

Question 12

what 3 things do nucleotide’s contain

Answer 12

5-carbon sugar, phosphates group, nitrogen base

Question 13

who is credited with discovering DNA’s shape

Answer 13

Watson and crick

Question 14

what is DNA replication

Answer 14

the copying of a cells DNA

Question 15

when does DNA replication occur

Answer 15

s phase of interphase

Question 16

where on DNA does replication begin

Answer 16

origin

Question 17

which new DNA strand is made in sections

Answer 17

nucleotide

Question 18

what are these sections called

Answer 18

leading and lagging

Question 19

describe the semi conservative model of DNA replication

Answer 19

the 2 strands of the parental molecule separate and each acts as a template

Question 20

what does the acronym RNA strand for

Answer 20

ribonucleic

Question 21

what is the sugar in RNA

Answer 21

ribose

Question 22

what are the 4 bases of RNA

Answer 22

adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

Question 23

what are proteins made up of

Answer 23

amino acids

Question 24

what does mRNA do

Answer 24

copies DNA code and carries the genetic information to the ribosome

Question 25

what does tRNA do

Answer 25

transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins will be synthesized

Question 26

what rRNA do

Answer 26

transports reads DNA and makes ribosomes

Question 27

what are codons

Answer 27

3 amino acids put together

Question 28

what are anticodons

Answer 28

tRNA codons

Question 29

what are the 2 parts of proteins synthesis

Answer 29

transcription and translation

Question 30

which part of protein synthesis happens in the nucleus and makes mRNA from DNA

Answer 30

transcription

Question 31

which part of protein synthesis happens in the cytoplasm and uses all 3 types of RNA in order to assemble proteins

Answer 31

translation

Question 32

what are introns

Answer 32

non functional segments of DNA

Question 33

what are exons

Answer 33

segememts of dna that code for protiens

Question 34

what types of RNA processing must be done before mRNA is ready to be used

Answer 34

cutting out Introns and the splicing together of the exons adding a cap and tail

Question 35

describe what is happening during elongation of translation

Answer 35

as the ribosome moves 2 tRNA with their amino acids move into the A site and P site

Question 36

what is the differences in the A and P sites on the ribosomes

Answer 36

P site is for attachment of the tRNA molecule that the growing polypeptide chain attached to it. A site is bringing in new amino acids to the chain

Question 37

what is mutation

Answer 37

are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA to the chain

Question 38

what is a mutagen

Answer 38

substances or materials that can cause mutations

Question 39

what are examples of mutagens

Answer 39

skin cancers luekemia