2 Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
What is a tantrum?
A
A sudden outburst of anger or frustration
Also known as ‘napady złości’ in Polish.
2
Q
What does it mean to throw a tantrum?
A
To have an outburst of anger or frustration
Translates to ‘wpaść w atak złości’ in Polish.
3
Q
Define indulgent.
A
Characterized by excessive leniency or generosity
In Polish, it is ‘pobłażliwy’.
4
Q
What does upscale mean?
A
High-end or luxurious
Translated to ‘ekskluzywny’ in Polish.
5
Q
What does BFF stand for?
A
Best Friends Forever
6
Q
What is a meltdown?
A
A sudden loss of emotional control
Can refer to children or adults experiencing extreme emotional distress.
7
Q
What does nitpicking refer to?
A
Excessively looking for small errors or faults
8
Q
Define flawlessly.
A
Without any mistakes or imperfections
9
Q
What does flaky mean?
A
Prone to inconsistency or unreliability
In Polish, it means ‘tuszczący się’.
10
Q
What does it mean to be people-pleasing?
A
To prioritize others’ approval over one’s own needs
11
Q
What does it mean to harbor resentments?
A
To hold onto feelings of anger or bitterness
12
Q
What are wrongdoings?
A
Actions that are morally or legally wrong
13
Q
Fill in the blank: Holding on to their grudges means _______.
A
trzymac sie urazów
14
Q
What does it mean to play devil’s advocate?
A
To argue a position one does not necessarily agree with for the sake of debate
15
Q
Define aloofness.
A
Being cool and distant, not friendly
Translated to ‘cool and distant’ in Polish.
16
Q
What is a pep talk?
A
A motivational speech to encourage someone
17
Q
What does it mean to live in their own bubble?
A
To be unaware of or unconcerned with the outside world
18
Q
What does reluctantly mean?
A
Unwillingly or hesitantly
In Polish, it is ‘niechętnie’.
19
Q
What are some adjectives that describe challenging tasks?
A
- demanding
- motivating
- rewarding
20
Q
What are some adjectives that describe monotonous tasks?
A
- repetitive
- tedious
- dull
21
Q
What does a dead-end job refer to?
A
A job with no opportunities for advancement
22
Q
What does high-powered mean?
A
Having a lot of power or influence
23
Q
What does made redundant mean?
A
No longer needed or superfluous
Translated to ‘zbędny’ in Polish.
24
Q
What does it mean to have a heart of gold?
A
To be very kind and generous
25
What does down to earth mean?
Practical and realistic
26
What does a cold fish refer to?
Someone who is emotionally distant or unresponsive
27
What does a real pain in the neck mean?
Someone who is very annoying or bothersome
28
What does a soft touch mean?
Someone who is easily persuaded or generous
29
What does having a very quick temper mean?
To become angry very easily
30
What does full of herself mean?
Being excessively self-absorbed or conceited
31
What does wouldn't hurt a fly mean?
To be very gentle and kind
32
Fill in the blank: Lift a finger means _______.
to make an effort
33
What does the life and soul of the party refer to?
A person who is very lively and entertaining in social situations
34
What does thorough mean?
Complete and detailed
35
Define bright.
Intelligent or cheerful
36
What does straightforward mean?
Direct and honest
## Footnote
In Polish, it is 'bezpośredni'.
37
What does determined mean?
Having a strong desire to achieve something
38
Define self-sufficient.
Able to provide for oneself
39
What does sympathetic mean?
Showing compassion or understanding
## Footnote
In Polish, it is 'pełen współczucia'.
40
What does conscientious mean?
Wishing to do one's work or duty well
41
What does gentle mean?
Kind and mild in behavior
42
What does steady mean?
Stable and consistent
43
What does spontaneous mean?
Occurring naturally or without planning
44
What does sarcastic mean?
Using irony to mock or convey contempt
45
What does burned-out mean?
Exhausted from overwork or stress
46
What are nagging thoughts?
Persistent and troubling thoughts
47
What does unplugging from electronics mean?
Taking a break from electronic devices
48
Define deprivation.
The state of lacking or being denied something
49
What does it mean to take advantage of someone?
To exploit or use someone for personal gain
50
What does sense of belonging refer to?
Feeling accepted and part of a group
51
What are neurotransmitters?
Chemicals that transmit signals in the brain
## Footnote
Examples include serotonin, adrenaline, and norepinephrine.
52
What does restlessness mean?
Inability to rest or relax
53
Define circadian rhythm.
The natural cycle of physical, mental, and behavioral changes in a 24-hour period
54
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and planning
55
What is the function of the hippocampus?
Involved in memory formation
56
What are psychomotor symptoms?
Symptoms affecting physical movement and coordination
57
What are examples of agitation?
* Restlessness
* Increased anxiety
58
What are examples of retardation?
* Slowed movements
* Reduced speech
59
Define insomnia.
Inability to sleep
60
What does hypersomnia mean?
Excessive sleepiness or prolonged sleep
61
What is fatigue?
Extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical exertion
## Footnote
In Polish, it is 'znużenie'.
62
What are recurrent thoughts?
Thoughts that persistently come back to mind
## Footnote
In Polish, it is 'powtarzające myśli'.
63
What does impairment in functioning mean?
Reduced ability to perform daily activities
## Footnote
In Polish, it is 'uposledzenie funkcjonowania'.
64
What does suicidal ideation refer to?
Thinking about or planning suicide
## Footnote
In Polish, it is 'myśli samobójcze'.
65
What does social withdrawal mean?
Avoiding social interactions
66
What does it mean to crave specific food?
To have a strong desire for certain foods
67
Define rumination.
Repeatedly thinking about distressing situations
## Footnote
In Polish, it is 'rozmyślanie'.
68
What does prevalence refer to?
The commonness or widespread occurrence of something
## Footnote
In Polish, it is 'powszechne występowanie'.
69
What is differential diagnosis?
The process of distinguishing between two or more conditions that share similar signs or symptoms
70
What are some features of a toxic family?
Violence, physical and mental abuse, addictions, negligence, lack of privacy, impossible expectations, conditional love, comparing children, fighting, overprotective behavior, humiliation
## Footnote
These features contribute to a harmful family environment.
71
What is the concept of cordial contact in managing toxic family relationships?
A strategy for setting limits characterized by:
* Being mindful not to be too self-revealing
* Keeping conversations and emotions superficial and pleasant
* Focusing largely on the toxic family members
## Footnote
This approach is often used to maintain a semblance of peace while protecting oneself.
72
What are the characteristics of low contact with toxic family members?
Only seeing or talking to them at family gatherings, major holidays, or events; avoiding them outside of these occasions
## Footnote
This method may be temporary and often meets resistance from toxic family members.
73
What is no contact in the context of toxic family relationships?
A decision to completely cut off contact, described as a very challenging, freeing, and yet deeply painful decision
## Footnote
This is often a protective measure after significant abuse from family members.
74
What triggers the decision to implement no contact with toxic family members?
Enduring significant abuse and sacrificing one's own happiness multiple times
## Footnote
The decision is often a result of manipulative behaviors from family members.
75
True or False: Cordial contact is a long-term solution for managing toxic family relationships.
False
## Footnote
While it may be effective in the short term, it is challenging to maintain.
76
Fill in the blank: Low contact may work temporarily but is often met with _______ from toxic family members.
resistance
## Footnote
Toxic family members may notice reduced contact and attempt to re-establish their presence.
77
What is a common feeling associated with the decision to go no contact?
Deeply painful
## Footnote
This decision often comes after a long period of emotional distress.
78
What does the term 'conditional love' imply in a toxic family?
Love that is dependent on meeting certain expectations
## Footnote
This can create a sense of worthlessness in family members who feel they must earn affection.
79
What is the impact of comparing children in a toxic family environment?
It can lead to feelings of inadequacy and competition among siblings
## Footnote
This behavior undermines self-esteem and family unity.
80
What was the initial purpose of iproniazid?
To treat tuberculosis
## Footnote
Iproniazid was originally developed for tuberculosis treatment before being discovered as an antidepressant.
81
What was imipramine initially intended for?
As an antipsychotic medication
## Footnote
Imipramine was originally developed for treating psychiatric disorders before its antidepressant properties were identified.
82
What major understanding about depression did the discovery of iproniazid and imipramine lead to?
Depression has a biological basis
## Footnote
This suggested that depression could be treated with medication, leading to the chemical imbalance theory.
83
What does the chemical imbalance theory propose?
Depression is caused by imbalances in brain chemicals (neurotransmitters)
## Footnote
It particularly focuses on monoamines like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
84
Which neurotransmitters are mainly focused on in the chemical imbalance theory?
* Serotonin
* Norepinephrine
* Dopamine
85
How does iproniazid affect monoamine levels?
Inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO)
## Footnote
This increases monoamine levels in the brain.
86
What is the mechanism of action of imipramine?
Blocks the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
## Footnote
This increases the availability of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft.
87
What are SSRIs?
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
## Footnote
SSRIs are a class of drugs developed to specifically target serotonin levels.
88
What is a common side effect of iproniazid?
Liver toxicity
## Footnote
Iproniazid poses risks like dangerous food interactions and liver toxicity.
89
List common side effects of imipramine.
* Dry mouth
* Blurred vision
* Constipation
* Urinary retention
* Weight gain
90
What neurotransmitter is primarily focused on in the study of antidepressants?
Serotonin
## Footnote
Research has indicated serotonin's significant role in improving mood.
91
What was the first SSRI approved for treating depression?
Prozac (fluoxetine)
## Footnote
Prozac was pivotal in the development of SSRIs.
92
How did Prozac impact public perception of depression?
Framed depression as a treatable medical condition
## Footnote
Its marketing as a 'lifestyle drug' increased awareness and discussions about mental health.
93
Why might some individuals not respond to SSRIs like Prozac?
Due to genetic or clinical factors
## Footnote
This may necessitate alternative treatments such as psychotherapy or different medications.
94
How long do antidepressants typically take to show effects?
2 to 6 weeks
## Footnote
The time frame for effectiveness can vary by individual.
95
How has the understanding of the chemical imbalance theory evolved?
Recognizes depression as multifactorial
## Footnote
It now considers genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors rather than just neurotransmitter levels.
