2 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds composed exclusively of hydrogen and carbon
Hydrocarbons serve as important fuels and raw materials in the chemical industry.
What is the atomic number of carbon?
6
What is the atomic mass of carbon?
12
What is the electron configuration of carbon?
1s² 2s² 2p²
What is the main element found in organic compounds?
Carbon
What does the term ‘allotropy’ refer to?
The existence of an element in more than one form with the same chemical properties but different physical properties
Examples include carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus.
What are the three crystalline allotropes of carbon?
Diamond, graphite, and fullerenes
Where is carbon found in its free state?
As diamond and graphite
In what forms does carbon exist in the combined state?
- Fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas)
- Carbonates (calcium carbonate, marble, calamine)
- Organic compounds (proteins, fats)
What is the origin of the name ‘carbon’?
Derived from the Latin word ‘carbo’ meaning coal
What is the approximate percentage of carbon in the Earth’s crust?
0.27%
What is the approximate percentage of carbon in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide?
0.03%
What plant type converts carbon in marine water into calcium carbonate?
Types of plants that grow on the ocean floor
What are the physical characteristics of a crystalline form of carbon?
- Regular and definite arrangement of atoms
- Definite geometrical shape
- Sharp edges and plane surfaces
True or False: Diamonds have high melting and boiling points.
True
Where are diamonds primarily found in India?
Golconda (Telangana) and Panna (Madhya Pradesh)
What is the significance of Wohler’s synthesis of urea?
It marked the beginning of the synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic compounds.
