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Question 1

What is the principal axis of a spherical mirror?

Answer 1

The principal axis is taken as the X-axis of the mirror’s frame of reference.

The principal axis is the line that passes through the center of curvature and the focus of the mirror.

Question 2

Where is the object always placed according to the sign convention?

Answer 2

The object is always placed on the left of the mirror.

This placement is part of the Cartesian sign convention for mirrors.

Question 3

What is the focal length of a convex mirror?

Answer 3

The focal length of a convex mirror is positive.

This is based on the sign convention for spherical mirrors.

Question 4

What is the focal length of a concave mirror?

Answer 4

The focal length of a concave mirror is negative.

This is also based on the sign convention for spherical mirrors.

Question 5

According to the Cartesian sign convention, how are distances measured to the right of the origin (pole)?

Answer 5

Distances measured to the right of the origin (pole) are taken as positive.

This applies to the measurement of distances along the principal axis.

Question 6

According to the Cartesian sign convention, how are distances measured to the left of the origin (pole)?

Answer 6

Distances measured to the left of the origin (pole) are taken as negative.

This measurement is important for determining the position of objects and images.

Question 7

What is the nature of the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is placed at the focus?

Answer 7

The image is virtual, erect, and diminished.

The characteristics of the image depend on the object’s position relative to the mirror.

Question 8

What is the ratio of the height of the object to the height of the image produced by a spherical mirror called?

Answer 8

The ratio is known as the magnification.

Magnification can be calculated using specific formulas for mirrors.

Question 9

True or False: The distances measured vertically upwards from the principal axis are taken as negative.

Answer 9

False.

Distances measured vertically upwards are taken as positive according to the Cartesian sign convention.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The focal length of a spherical mirror is known as the _______.

Answer 10

[mirror formula]

The mirror formula relates the object distance, image distance, and focal length.

Question 11

What is the significance of the pole (P) in a spherical mirror?

Answer 11

The pole (P) of a spherical mirror is taken as the origin for measurements.

It serves as a reference point for the Cartesian coordinate system used in optics.