2 Flashcards
(306 cards)
1
Q
Asia’s principal area of illicit opium production, located at the crossroads of CENTRAL, SOUTH, AND WESTERN ASIA.
A
THE GOLDEN CRESCENT
2
Q
-This space overlaps three nations, AFGHANISTAN, IRAN, AND PAKISTAN whose mountainous peripheries define the crescent.
A
THE GOLDEN CRESCENT
2
Q
-This region is considered a global hub for heroin and related opiate production and trafficking.
A
THE GOLDEN CRESCENT
2
Q
THE GOLDEN CRESCENT located at the crossroads of?
A
CENTRAL, SOUTH, AND WESTERN ASIA.
2
Q
THE GOLDEN CRESCENT overlaps three nations
A
AFGHANISTAN, IRAN, AND PAKISTAN
3
Q
whose mountainous peripheries define the crescent.
A
AFGHANISTAN, IRAN, AND PAKISTAN
4
Q
-There are three well-defined heroin trafficking routes that originate from the Golden Crescent region.
A
BALKAN ROUTE
NORTHERN ROUTE
SOUTHERN ROUTE
5
Q
operates through IRAN AND TURKEY and traffics the bulk of Afghan heroin to Europe.
A
BALKAN ROUTE
6
Q
–BALKAN in Turkish word means
A
MOUNTAINS
7
Q
The BALKAN ROUTE operates through _____ and traffics the bulk of Afghan heroin to ____
A
IRAN AND TURKEY
Europe
8
Q
supplies heroin to the RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND CENTRAL ASIA.
A
NORTHERN ROUTE
9
Q
Due to increased law enforcement along these two routes, alternate routes have emerged, collectively called the
A
SOUTHERN ROUTE
9
Q
The NORTHERN ROUTE supplies heroin to the
A
RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND CENTRAL ASIA.
10
Q
that traffics heroin to IRAN AND PAKISTAN, and from these countries, via sea and air, to other parts of the world
A
SOUTHERN ROUTE
11
Q
-Opium production rose steadily throughout the 1980S AND 1990S (peak time) until 2000 (year when it was declined due to FATWA) when opium production fell precipitously on account of a FATWA issued by Taliban leader MULLAH OMAR that banned POPPY CULTIVATION.
A
OPIUM TRADE IN AFGHANISTAN
12
Q
Due to increased law enforcement along these two routes, alternate routes have emerged, collectively called the SOUTHERN ROUTE, that traffics heroin to ____, and from these countries, via sea and air, to other parts of the world
A
IRAN AND PAKISTAN
13
Q
OPIUM TRADE IN AFGHANISTAN
rose steadily throughout the ____ until ____
A
1980S AND 1990S
2000
14
Q
year when it was declined due to FATWA
A
2000
15
Q
Opium production rose steadily throughout the 1980S AND 1990S (peak time) until 2000 (year when it was declined due to FATWA) when opium production fell precipitously on account of a
A
FATWA
15
Q
-The opium trade, though not reliable, has been a relatively lucrative enterprise for
A
AFGHAN FARMERS.
15
Q
issued by Taliban leader MULLAH OMAR that banned POPPY CULTIVATION.
A
FATWA
16
Q
–poppy cultivation is against
A
Islamic teaching
16
Q
-Between 2002 and 2008, poppy farmers made
A
$6.4 BILLION.
17
Q
-A 2010 study describes the following heroin use patterns in Afghanistan, based on patient profile:
A
WAR PATTERN,
THE REFUGEES’ PATTERN, AND
THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS PATTERN
18
entails long-term drug use (>30 YEARS) BY EX-AFGHAN SOLDIERS.
war pattern
19
The war pattern entails long-term drug use of? by?
30 YEARS BY EX-AFGHAN SOLDIERS.
20
includes people who began to use drugs while they were refugees in PAKISTAN AND IRAN.
refugees' pattern
20
The refugees' pattern includes people who began to use drugs while they were refugees in
PAKISTAN AND IRAN.
21
--decline the demand of veggies
AFGHAN FARMERS.
21
includes people who began to use drugs as a means of escape from their harsh realities
social and economic crisis pattern
22
when FATWA was denied
JULY 28, 2000
23
-- written order from Muslim leader
-- applicable to Muslim only
FATWA
24
--are all Muslim
--99% of them are Muslim
AFGHANISTAN
25
experienced a sharp increase in the number of heroin users: with virtually none reported in 1979 to 100,000 in 1983.
PAKISTAN/
26
-In the 1980s, PAKISTAN experienced a sharp increase in the number of heroin users: with virtually none reported in 1979 to 100,000 in 1983.
OPIATE PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
27
-In the 1980s, PAKISTAN experienced a sharp increase in the number of heroin users: with virtually ___ reported in ___ to ___.
none - 1979
100,000 in 1983
28
-This may have been a result of the ANTI-SOVIET AFGHAN WAR that led to the flourishing of poppy fields at the Durand line that separates PAKISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN.
OPIATE PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
29
This may have been a result of the ANTI-SOVIET AFGHAN WAR that led to the flourishing of poppy fields at the Durand line that separates?
PAKISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN.
30
was declared a poppy-free country, meaning it had less than 1000 hectares under cultivation.
PAKISTAN
31
-In ___ came about, and by the year 2000, PAKISTAN was declared a poppy-free country, meaning it had less than 1000 hectares under cultivation.
1997, the CONTROL OF THE NARCOTIC SUBSTANCES ACT
32
-In 1997, the CONTROL OF THE NARCOTIC SUBSTANCES ACT came about, and by the year ___, PAKISTAN was declared a poppy-free country, meaning it had less than 1000 hectares under cultivation.
2000
33
-Following the Taliban's 2000 ban on opium cultivation in Afghanistan, prices rose and poppy fields re-emerged in
Pakistan.
34
-With 1.8 million opiate users in 2013, Iran has one of the highest opiate dependency rates in the world.
OPIATES IN IRAN
35
-According to a 1993 estimate, Iran had 3500 hectares of poppy under cultivation much the hectarage noted in Pakistan (8185 ha.) and Afghanistan (58,000 ha.).
OPIATES IN IRAN
35
-Follow-up surveys in 1998 and 1999 found no poppy being cultivated in Iran, whereas the 1999 figures for Pakistan and Afghanistan were respectively 1481 and 91,000 ha..
OPIATES IN IRAN
35
-The reason for this rapid decline in poppy cultivation could be the competition-neighboring Afghanistan provided opium at much cheaper rates to the world market.
OPIATES IN IRAN
36
-In a national population size estimation study of illicit drug users, it was found that OPIUM was the most common illicit drug used.
OPIATES IN IRAN
37
--lowered the cultivation in Opium due to its high demand
OPIATES IN IRAN
38
has one of the highest opiate dependency rates in the world.
Iran
39
With 1.8 million opiate users in 2013
OPIATES IN IRAN
40
-According to a 1993 estimate, __ had 3500 hectares of poppy under cultivation much the hectarage noted in Pakistan (8185 ha.) and Afghanistan (58,000 ha.).
OPIATES IN IRAN
41
Iran had ___ hectares of poppy under cultivation much the hectarage noted in Pakistan ____and Afghanistan ____
3500
(8185 ha.)
(58,000 ha.).
42
-Follow-up surveys in 1998 and 1999 found no poppy being cultivated in ___ the 1999 figures for Pakistan and Afghanistan were respectively 1481 and 91,000 ha..
Iran
43
most common illicit drug used in iran
OPIUM
44
-It is an area covering 367,000 SQUARE MILES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA where a significant portion of the world's opium has been produced since the beginning of the TWENTIETH CENTURY.
THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE
45
Follow-up surveys in ____ found no poppy being cultivated in Iran, whereas the 1999 figures for Pakistan and Afghanistan were respectively 1481 and 91,000 ha..
1998 and 1999
46
-This area is centered on the meeting point of the borders that separate LAOS, BURMA/MYANMAR, AND THAILAND.
THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE
47
mountainous terrain and distance from major urban centers make it an ideal location for illicit poppy cultivation and transnational opium smuggling.
THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE
48
was the world's largest producer of opium and heroin
GOLDEN TRIANGLE
49
being the single highest-producing country in golden triangle
MYANMAR
49
-Since 1991, the Golden Triangle's opium production has been outpaced by the
GOLDEN CRESCENT.
49
THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE area covering
367,000 SQUARE MILES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
49
THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE area covering 367,000 SQUARE MILES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA where a significant portion of the world's opium has been produced since the beginning of the?
TWENTIETH CENTURY.
50
THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE is centered on the meeting point of the borders that separate
LAOS, BURMA/MYANMAR, AND THAILAND.
51
-Since ___, the Golden Triangle's opium production has been outpaced by the GOLDEN CRESCENT.
1991
52
-Until the ______, the GOLDEN TRIANGLE was the world's largest producer of opium and heroin
end of the 20th century,
53
-In 1886, the BRITISH EMPIRE expanded to include Upper Burma, where the modern KACHIN AND SHAN STATES OF MYANMAR are located.
GOLDEN TRIANGLE
54
-Nestled in rugged highlands, the populations that inhabited UPPER BURMA lived relatively beyond the control of British authorities.
GOLDEN TRIANGLE
55
-Despite British efforts to retain a monopoly on the opium trade and regulate its consumption, OPIUM PRODUCTION AND SMUGGLING took root in these rugged highlands and fueled much of the region's economic activity.
GOLDEN TRIANGLE
56
-The mountainous regions surrounding the convergence point of the BURMA, THAILAND, AND LAOS borders continued to play a major role in the global opium economy.
GOLDEN TRIANGLE
57
-In 1886, the BRITISH EMPIRE expanded to include ___, where the modern KACHIN AND SHAN STATES OF MYANMAR are located.
Upper Burma
58
-In 1886, the BRITISH EMPIRE expanded to include Upper Burma, where the modern ___ are located.
KACHIN AND SHAN STATES OF MYANMAR
58
-Despite British efforts to retain a monopoly on the opium trade and regulate its consumption, ___ took root in these rugged highlands and fueled much of the region's economic activity.
OPIUM PRODUCTION AND SMUGGLING
59
-Nestled in rugged highlands, the populations that inhabited ___ lived relatively beyond the control of British authorities.
UPPER BURMA
60
THE BIRTH OF THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE
-The mountainous regions surrounding the convergence point of the ___ borders continued to play a major role in the global opium economy.
BURMA, THAILAND, AND LAOS
61
KING OF THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE
KHUN SA
61
-By the 1960s, several rebel groups based in ____ supported their operations through the illegal opium trade, including a faction of the KUOMINTANG (KMT), which had been expelled from CHINA by the Communist Party.
NORTHERN BURMA, THAILAND, AND LAOS
61
-leader or prince of death
--retired soldier
KHUN SA
61
funded its operations by expanding the opium trade in the region.
KUOMINTANG (KMT)
62
which had been expelled from CHINA by the Communist Party.
KUOMINTANG (KMT)
63
By the ___, several rebel groups based in NORTHERN BURMA, THAILAND, AND LAOS supported their operations through the illegal opium trade, including a faction of the KUOMINTANG (KMT), which had been expelled from CHINA by the Communist Party.
1960s
64
-By the ___, Khun Sa had amassed an army of over 20,000 soldiers, which he dubbed the MOK TAI ARMY, and established a semi-autonomous fiefdom in the HILLS OF THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE near the TOWN OF BAAN HIN TAEK.
1980s
65
-By the 1980s, Khun Sa had amassed an army of ____, which he dubbed the MOK TAI ARMY, and established a semi-autonomous fiefdom in the HILLS OF THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE near the TOWN OF BAAN HIN TAEK.
over 20,000 soldiers
66
-By the 1980s, Khun Sa had amassed an army of over 20,000 soldiers, which he dubbed the
MOK TAI ARMY
67
established a semi-autonomous fiefdom in the HILLS OF THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE near the TOWN OF BAAN HIN TAEK.
Khun Sa
67
-By the 1980s, Khun Sa had amassed an army of over 20,000 soldiers, which he dubbed the MOK TAI ARMY, and established a semi-autonomous fiefdom in the
HILLS OF THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE near the TOWN OF BAAN HIN TAEK.
67
controlled over half of the opium in the Golden Triangle, which in turn constituted half of the world's opium and 45% of the opium that came to the UNITED STATES.
KHUN SA
68
KHUN SA controlled over half of the opium in the Golden Triangle, which in turn constituted half of the world's opium and ___ of the opium that came to the UNITED STATES.
45%
69
45% of the opium that came to the
UNITED STATES.
70
stated that as "the only Shan warlord who ran a truly professional smuggling organization capable of transporting large quantities of opium."
ALFRED MCCOY
70
"the only Shan warlord who ran a truly professional smuggling organization capable of transporting large quantities of opium."
Khun Sa
71
-In a 1977 INTERVIEW, with the now-defunct Bangkok World, he called himself the "KING OF THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE."
KHUN SA
72
-The South American region consisting of PERU, BOLIVIA, AND COLOMBIA that is historically known to be a major cocaine production area in the ANDEAN REGION.
THE SILVER TRIANGLE
73
-About 90% of all cocaine produced in the world today comes from the LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES, MAINLY PERU, COLUMBIA, AND ECUADOR, and to certain extent, PANAMA, VENEZUELA, EL SALVADOR AND COSTA RICA.
THE SILVER TRIANGLE
74
-The South American region consisting of
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND COLOMBIA
75
historically known to be a major cocaine production area in the ANDEAN REGION.
THE SILVER TRIANGLE
76
-About 90% of all cocaine produced in the world today comes from the LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES, MAINLY PERU, COLUMBIA, AND ECUADOR, and to certain extent, PANAMA, VENEZUELA, EL SALVADOR AND COSTA RICA.
THE SILVER TRIANGLE
76
-About ___ of all cocaine produced in the world today comes from the LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES, MAINLY PERU, COLUMBIA, AND ECUADOR, and to certain extent, PANAMA, VENEZUELA, EL SALVADOR AND COSTA RICA.
90%
77
-It is the place where the known drug cartels came from such as MEDELLIN AND CALI CARTEL.
COLUMBIA
77
About 90% of all cocaine produced in the world today comes from the LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES, MAINLY
PERU, COLUMBIA, AND ECUADOR, and to certain extent, PANAMA, VENEZUELA, EL SALVADOR AND COSTA RICA.
78
-And its capital, BOGOTA, was branded before as "Second Government" because it houses international drug cartels.
COLUMBIA
79
-COCA cultivation reached 212,000 HECTARES (ABOUT 524,000 ACRES) in 2019, a rise of nearly 2% FROM 208,000 HECTARES the year before, according to the figures.
COLUMBIA
80
-Potential pure cocaine production, meanwhile, rose to 951 METRIC TONS, an 8% increase.
COLUMBIA
81
-COCA cultivation reached ___ in 2019, a rise of nearly _____ the year before, according to the figures.
212,000 HECTARES (ABOUT 524,000 ACRES)
2% FROM 208,000 HECTARES
81
capital of columbia
BOGOTA
81
was branded before as "Second Government" because it houses international drug cartels.
BOGOTA
81
-Potential pure cocaine production, meanwhile, rose to ____, an ___ increase.
951 METRIC TONS
8%
81
is the single largest producer and exporter of cocaine in the world.
PERU
82
-And after decades of foreign- funded eradication efforts in the country, the industry is thriving.
PERU
83
-Most of the estimated 325 tons of the stuff produced each year is making its way to Brazilian and European markets
PERU
84
earning ___ organized crime well over $1 BILLION ANNUALLY.
Peruvian/PERU
84
is now literally at the heart of South America's illegal narcotics trade.
BOLIVIA
84
--heroin transshipment point
--heart of western countries
BOLIVIA
84
- Add to this the fact that Bolivia also produces its own cocaine
BOLIVIA
84
-According to the national-scale drug abuse surveys and statistics of office of NATIONAL NARCOTIC CONTROL COMMISSION (NNCC), the number of registered problematic drug users increased from 70,000 IN 1990 TO 3.23 MILLION BY THE END OF JUNE 2015 in the MAINLAND CHINA.
CHINA
85
-HEROIN is still one of the major abused substances in
CHINA
86
-However, the data on the scope of epidemic and regions of heroin abuse has been limited.
CHINA
87
-The number of registered heroin user DECLINED GRADUALLY and made about 46.7% among the drug abuse population in the end of June 2015.
CHINA
88
-Aside from the opiates, drugs such as METHAMPHETAMINE ("ICE"), MDMA ("ECSTASY") AND KETAMINE which were called "NEW EMERGING SYNTHETIC DRUGS" have spread quickly during the past decade.
CHINA
89
-According to the national-scale drug abuse surveys and statistics of office of ___, the number of registered problematic drug users increased from 70,000 IN 1990 TO 3.23 MILLION BY THE END OF JUNE 2015 in the MAINLAND CHINA.
NATIONAL NARCOTIC CONTROL COMMISSION (NNCC)
89
-The proportion of new type synthetic drug users among the registered drug users increased from 6.7% IN 2005 TO 52.2% by the END OF JUNE 2015.
CHINA
89
According to the national-scale drug abuse surveys and statistics of office of NATIONAL NARCOTIC CONTROL COMMISSION (NNCC), the number of registered problematic drug users increased from____ in the MAINLAND CHINA.
70,000 IN 1990 TO 3.23 MILLION BY THE END OF JUNE 2015
90
is still one of the major abused substances in China.
HEROIN
91
In China, number of registered heroin user ____ and made about ____ among the drug abuse population in the end of June 2015.
DECLINED GRADUALLY
46.7%
92
"NEW EMERGING SYNTHETIC DRUGS" are the?
METHAMPHETAMINE ("ICE"), MDMA ("ECSTASY") AND KETAMINE
92
-Like Columbia, it houses also world powerful drug cartels/syndicates like the SINALOA AND LOS ZETAS.
MEXICO
92
The proportion of new type synthetic drug users among the registered drug users increased from ____ by the END OF JUNE 2015.
6.7% IN 2005 TO 52.2%
93
-It is not only a major transshipment point of Cannabis Sativa or Marijuana to the UNITED STATES AND TO OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES;
MEXICO
94
-it has also become over the last few years the no. 1 producer of Cannabis in the World.
MEXICO
95
Mexico is not only a major transshipment point of Cannabis Sativa or Marijuana to the?
UNITED STATES AND TO OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES;
95
-It continues to be a major transshipment point to all parts of the world for the form of heroin known as "NO. 4" or 4th derivation of heroin
HONG KONG
96
-It is one of the most significant transshipment points for destined to all parts of the world.
HONG KONG
97
- a white powder, is a type most preferred in U.S and Europe.
NO. 4 FORM
98
--nilalagay sa cigarettes
--smoke type of drug
NO. 4 FORM
98
-Methamphetamines are increasingly being trafficked through
HONG KONG TO JAPAN AND THE PHILIPPINES.
98
-It has traditionally been a transit point for heroin mostly destined for NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE, with the relaxation on restrictions of travel to the mainland
TAIWAN
99
are more frequently were coming to notice as heroine trafficker, particularly from YUNNAN PROVINCE OF CHINA.
TAIWANESE
100
has increased with both locally produced amphetamines and methamphetamines from China spurring and increases in local abuse.
TRAFFICKING IN TAIWAN
101
-Most Methamphetamines from Taiwan are destined for
JAPAN
101
It has traditionally been a transit point for heroin mostly destined for NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE, with the relaxation on restrictions of travel to the mainland for
TAIWANESE MALES.
101
-The shipment, mostly from COLUMBIA AND ECUADOR, was the biggest drug seizure ever made in WESTERN EUROPE.
SPAIN
101
-In the SPRING OF 1991, SPANISH NARCOTIC AGENTS seized after three successive strikes of TWO METRIC TONS of high-grade cocaine worth several billions of US dollars.
SPAIN
101
It has traditionally been a transit point for heroin mostly destined for ___, with the relaxation on restrictions of travel to the mainland for TAIWANESE MALES.
NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE
102
The TAIWANESE are more frequently were coming to notice as heroine trafficker, particularly from
YUNNAN PROVINCE OF CHINA.
102
-Most of the cocaine smuggled into Spain is for transit to other European countries, such as FRENCH, BRITAIN, GERMANY AND THE NETHERLANDS.
SPAIN
103
-At a World Health Organization Meeting in Geneva, Spain was referred to as the "PARADISE OF DRUG USERS IN EUROPE" for its enactment of a law that "decriminalized" the possession of small quantities of illegal drugs.
SPAIN
104
seized after three successive strikes of TWO METRIC TONS of high-grade cocaine worth several billions of US dollars.
SPRING OF 1991, SPANISH NARCOTIC AGENTS
105
-In the SPRING OF 1991, SPANISH NARCOTIC AGENTS seized after three successive strikes of ___ of high-grade cocaine worth several billions of US dollars.
TWO METRIC TONS
106
was the biggest drug seizure ever made in WESTERN EUROPE.
COLUMBIA AND ECUADOR
107
"PARADISE OF DRUG USERS IN EUROPE"
SPAIN
107
Most of the cocaine smuggled into Spain is for transit to other European countries, such as
FRENCH, BRITAIN, GERMANY AND THE NETHERLANDS.
108
for its enactment of a law that "decriminalized" the possession of small quantities of illegal drugs.
SPAIN
109
was referred to as the "PARADISE OF DRUG USERS IN EUROPE" for its enactment of a law that "decriminalized" the possession of small quantities of illegal drugs.
World Health Organization Meeting in Geneva, Spain
109
--it became one of the producers of Cannabis Sativa in the world
MEXICO
109
--for personal use lang ang drugs dito then subject to ambiguity of laws or misinterpretation
SPAIN
110
--is the major transshipment point of marijuana in United States and to other European countries
MEXICO
111
--became the cradle of most of the cartel in the world
MEXICO
112
--most of the cartel came from
Mexico and colombia
113
-It is based from the third largest city in COLOMBIA, which is CALI.
CALI CARTEL
114
-It is headed by DON CHEPE, in real life is GILBERTO RODRIGUEZ OREJUELLA, founded the Cali in 1970's with his brother MIGUEL RODRIGUEZ, AND JOSE SANTACRUZ LONDONO AND HELMER "PACHO" HERRERA.
CALI CARTEL
115
founded the Cali in
1970's
115
DON CHEPE, in real life is
GILBERTO RODRIGUEZ OREJUELLA,
116
founded the Cali in 1970's with his brother
MIGUEL RODRIGUEZ, AND JOSE SANTACRUZ LONDONO AND HELMER "PACHO" HERRERA.
117
By the next years, the organization had largely expanded especially on the death of Don Chepe on the year
2022
118
has become the most powerful criminal organization in the world.
CALI DRUG CARTEL
119
in ___, many leaders of Cali Cartel where arrested
1990’s
120
--become successful in Medellin Cartel because they run legitimate businesses aside from their drug products
Cali Cartel
121
--they have businesses founded by drug trafficking and they are involve in money laundering cases
Cali Cartel
122
--became a powerful organization after the death of the leader of Medellin Cartel
Cali Cartel
123
stated that the Cali syndicates are the best organized. “They are professionals of the highest order, intelligent, efficient, imaginative and nearly impenetrable”
US- DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY EXPERTS
124
are the best organized
Cali syndicates
124
-is a formal agreement between a group of producers of a good or service to control supply or to regulate or manipulate prices
CARTEL
124
They are professionals of the highest order, intelligent, efficient, imaginative and nearly impenetrable”
Cali syndicates
125
-is a criminal organization that controls the supply of illegal drugs and keeps prices high
DRUG CARTEL
126
-The one who controlled the Powerful International Drug Cartel in the 1880's.
MEDELLIN CARTEL
127
-It was founded and ran by PABLO ESCOBAR
MEDELLIN CARTEL
128
--1st major drug cartel in Colombia
MEDELLIN CARTEL
129
--began smuggling of small quantities of cocaine into the US hanggang sa lumago yung business drugs nila
MEDELLIN CARTEL
130
was the one incharge of the arrest of founder of Medellin Cartel. They helped the Colombian police and US DEA or Drug Enforcement Agency to track down Pablo Escobar.
CALI CARTEL
131
--When Escobar was arrested, ____ had the chance to dominate the drug syndicate in the world
Cali Cartel
132
Escobar died in ___ after the shoot out operation conducted by Colombian Police and US DEA
1993
133
-After years of murders and Mayhem, the Colombian government succeeded in containing the Medelin cartel after a
VICIOUS 22 MONTHS OF WAR
134
drug boss of medellin cartel
JOSE GONZALO RODRIGUEZ GACHA OR EL MEXICANO OR THE MEXICAN in English and DON SOMBRERO
135
the subsequent surrender of his top aid and fellow cocaine barons of the medellin boss
JUAN DAVID AND FABIO OCHOA.
136
what year is the death of medellin cartel?
1989
137
- he was the chief assassin of the Medellin cartel
DANDY MUÑOZ MOSQUERA A.K.A. "LA QUICA"
138
is a Columbian slang means “the fat girl”, the name was given to him during his childhood for unknown research
DANDY MUÑOZ MOSQUERA A.K.A. "LA QUICA"
139
la quica real name
DANDY MUÑOZ MOSQUERA
140
was responsible for the bombing of AVIANCA FLIGHT 203 which killed 107 civilians
DANDY MUÑOZ MOSQUERA A.K.A. "LA QUICA"
141
was responsible for the deaths of unknown number of people.
DANDY MUÑOZ MOSQUERA A.K.A. "LA QUICA"
142
la quica means
fat girl
143
--is a terrorist attack because the Medellin Cartel is intending to target the Colombian Presidential Candidate “CESAR GAVIRIA” but he was not in the flight during that time
AVIANCA FLIGHT 203
144
--this is under the initiative of La Quica who is a key officials of Medellin Cartel
AVIANCA FLIGHT 203
145
Medellin Cartel is intending to target the Colombian Presidential Candidate
“CESAR GAVIRIA”
146
-A drug cartel operated principally in the NORTH OF THE VALLE DEL CAUCA REGION OF COLUMBIA.
NORTH VALLEY CARTEL
147
-It rose to prominence during the second half of the 1900's after the Cali and Medellin cartel fragmented.
NORTH VALLEY CARTEL
148
--responsible for exportation of cocaine to the US and other countries
NORTH VALLEY CARTEL
149
-The leading drug lords included DIEGO LEON MONTOYA SANCHEZ "Don Diego", WILBER VALERA "JABON" (soap), and HERNANDO GOMEZ BUSTAMANTE "Rasguno" (scratch)
NORTH VALLEY CARTEL
150
--began to dissolve in 2007 and gave rise to several newly independent criminal drug organizations
NORTH VALLEY CARTEL
151
The leading drug lords of North Valley
DIEGO LEON MONTOYA SANCHEZ "Don Diego", WILBER VALERA "JABON" (soap), and HERNANDO GOMEZ BUSTAMANTE "Rasguno" (scratch)
152
-Founded by ARTURO, CARLOS, ALFREDO AND HECTOR.
BELTRAN LEYVA
153
-Formerly aligned with the SINALOA CARTEL lead by JOAQUIN EL CHAPO GUZMAN but they split with them in 2008 forming independent organization which is this
BELTRAN LEYVA
154
-All of the brothers have been killed or arrested, but "remnants" of the group continues to operate in parts of Mexico, according to the US DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY'S 2018 NATIONAL DRUG THREAT ASSESSMENT.
BELTRAN LEYVA
154
The subgroups rely on alliances with the JALISCO NEW GENERATION CARTEL, THE JUAREZ CARTEL AND LOS ZETAS.
BELTRAN LEYVA
154
--for the remnants to continue the operation, they made alliances with the three stated subgroups but originally they came to Sinaloa Cartel
BELTRAN LEYVA
155
BELTRAN LEYVA split with sinaloa cartel is when
2008
156
subgroup of beltran leyva alliances
JALISCO NEW GENERATION CARTEL, THE JUAREZ CARTEL AND LOS ZETAS
157
-Based in MATAMOROS, TAMAULIPAS, MEXICO it started in 1920.
GULF CARTEL
158
-It split with its enforcers, LOS ZETAS, by 2010
GULF CARTEL
159
the fallout between the two groups has been called the "most violent in the history of organized crime in Mexico," according to a 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE REPORT.
GULF CARTEL
160
-The cartel is now splintered into small, competing gangs.
GULF CARTEL
161
--focusing on production of COCAINE, MARIJUANA AND METHAMPHETAMINE OR SHABU
GULF CARTEL
162
--participated in different criminal activities HUMAN TRAFFICKING, EXTORTION AND THEFT
GULF CARTEL
163
-It is founded by JUAN NEPOMUCENO GUERRA and died in respiratory disease in his 85 years of age.
GULF CARTEL
164
-assumed control on the drug trafficking business of his uncle Juan Nepomuceno Guerra
JUAN GARCIA ABREGO
165
-Split from the SINALOA CARTEL IN 2010
JALISCO NEW GENERATION
165
it is "one of the most powerful and fastest growing in Mexico and the United States," according to the US DEA ASSESSMENT
JALISCO NEW GENERATION
166
-The MEXICAN GOVERNMENT has warmed it's one of the most dangerous cartels in the country, especially after it shot down a military helicopter in MAY 2015.
JALISCO NEW GENERATION
167
-The MEXICAN GOVERNMENT has warmed it's one of the most dangerous cartels in the country, especially after it shot down a military helicopter in?
MAY 2015.
168
- RUBÉN OSEGUERA CERVANTES, known as "EL MENCHO," is believed to be the group's leader and a former police officer
JALISCO NEW GENERATION
169
--their product is FENTANYL, HEROIN, METHAMPHETAMINE OR SHABU AND COCAINE
JALISCO NEW GENERATION
170
leader of jalisco new generation
RUBÉN OSEGUERA CERVANTES, known as "EL MENCHO,"
171
-Formerly aligned with the SINALOA CARTEL, and then began fighting it for control of CIUDAD JUAREZ AND THE STATE OF CHIHUAHUA.
JUAREZ POSTER
172
--leading organization in the borders of Mexico and US particularly in Texas
JUAREZ POSTER
173
-It is headed by JUAN JOSE ESPARRAGOZA MORENO A.KA. "EL AZUL" and was succeeded by RICARDO GARCIA URQUIZA but the former boss was AMADO CARRILLO FUENTES who mysteriously died in JULY 1997.
JUAREZ POSTER
174
--COCAINE is their main product
JUAREZ POSTER
175
is one of the key figure within the organization and the mastermind of this drug syndicate because of his ability to have internet connection with the other cartels
EL AZUL
176
--the group has lost considerable powers in 2014
JUAREZ POSTER
177
--after the death of Fuentes pinalitan siya ng kapatid niya na si VICENTE CARRILLO FUENTES at namatay ito nung 2014 ay dun na nagkaroon ng function ang cartel na ito
JUAREZ POSTER
178
JUAREZ POSTER headed by _____
succeeded by ___
JUAN JOSE ESPARRAGOZA MORENO A.KA. "EL AZUL"
RICARDO GARCIA URQUIZA
179
former boss of Juarez Poster
AMADO CARRILLO FUENTES
179
AMADO CARRILLO FUENTES who mysteriously died in
JULY 1997
180
-Based in the MICHOACAN STATE.
LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA/ LA NUEVA FAMILIA MICHOACANA
181
-Possibly defunct as of 2011.
LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA/ LA NUEVA FAMILIA MICHOACANA
182
-It announced it would disband in 2010, but some cells are still active in GUERRERO AND MEXICO STATES, according to the CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE REPORT
LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA/ LA NUEVA FAMILIA MICHOACANA
183
--this cartel is smuggling illicit drugs in US
LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA/ LA NUEVA FAMILIA MICHOACANA
184
--main product is RAINBOW FENTANYL
LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA/ LA NUEVA FAMILIA MICHOACANA
185
-Comprised of former elite members of the Mexican military.
LOS ZETAS CARTEL
186
-Initially they worked as hit men or enforcers for the Gulf Cartel, before becoming independent.
LOS ZETAS CARTEL
187
-The group has a reputation for being particularly savage and is known for massacres, killing civilians, leaving body parts in public places and posting killings on the internet.
LOS ZETAS CARTEL
188
-The group's main asset is not drugs, but ORGANIZED VIOLENCE, including theft, extortion, human smuggling and kidnapping, according to the CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH REPORT.
LOS ZETAS CARTEL
189
--they are public when it comes to committing crime
LOS ZETAS CARTEL
190
-founded by OSIEL CARDENAS GUILLEN IN 1999, an ex-military after the Gulf Cartel disbanded
LOS ZETAS CARTEL
191
--he was 57 when he died and led the Los Zetas until 2003
LOS ZETAS CARTEL
191
LOS ZETAS CARTEL founder
OSIEL CARDENAS GUILLEN IN 1999
192
OSIEL CARDENAS GUILLEN died when
57
193
OSIEL CARDENAS GUILLEN led Los Zetas until
2003
194
was formed and they are all belonging to Mexican Military
Mexican Crime Syndicate
194
-Considered to be the dominant drug trafficking organization in Mexico.
SINALOA CARTEL
195
--established in 1980’s
SINALOA CARTEL
196
-It was founded and led by JOAQUIN "EL CHAPO" GUZMAN, who was arrested in 2014, escaped in July 2015, and rearrested in January 2016.
SINALOA CARTEL
197
-He was convicted in a US FEDERAL COURT IN FEBRUARY 2019.
JOAQUIN "EL CHAPO" GUZMAN
198
-The cartel may now be operating "with a more horizontal leadership structure than previously thought," according the US DEA REPORT.
SINALOA CARTEL
199
--product is COCAINE, HEROIN, METHAMPHETAMINE OR SHABU, MARIJUANA
SINALOA CARTEL
200
SINALOA CARTEL is led by
JOAQUIN "EL CHAPO" GUZMAN
201
who was arrested in 2014, escaped in July 2015, and rearrested in January 2016.
JOAQUIN "EL CHAPO" GUZMAN
202
JOAQUIN "EL CHAPO" GUZMAN was convicted in
US FEDERAL COURT IN FEBRUARY 2019.
203
SINALOA CARTEL is established in
1980’s
204
-It is also known as "ARELLANO FELIX ORGANIZATION (AFO)
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL
205
from eh time it was led by the family of RAMON EDUARDO ARELLANO FELIX
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL
206
it was founded by MIGUEL ANGEL FELIX GALLARDO who was incarcerated in 1989.
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL
207
--it is a family run drug cartel and known for the familial leadership
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL
208
-Based in TIJUANA, MEXICO
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL
208
-Most of the Arellano Felix brothers have been apprehended or killed.
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL
209
209
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL was led by family of
RAMON EDUARDO ARELLANO FELIX
210
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL was founded by
MIGUEL ANGEL FELIX GALLARDO
211
MIGUEL ANGEL FELIX GALLARDO who was incarcerated in
1989
212
-is fast emerging not only as a major transshipment point for the world-wide distribution of illegal drugs such as SHABU AND COCAINE from TAIWAN AND SOUTH AMERICA, CHINA AND HONGKONG
PHILIPPINES
213
-but also one of the world's major supplier of MARIJUANA because of the green triangle
PHILIPPINES
214
-has become one of the major transshipment points for the International Drug Syndicates.
PHILIPPINES
215
a major conduit for illegal drugs in Asia
PHILIPPINES
216
The easily penetrable airports in the country which make smuggling of illegal drug much easier for the syndicates, the long Philippine shore lines, among the longest in the world, which make it very difficult for law enforcement agencies to patrol, plus an antiquated boats and personnel to protect the sea- lanes.
PHILIPPINES
217
This aggravated by the fact that the ___ as strategically located dose to major sources of illegal drugs in neighboring Asia counties as well as to major illegal drug outlet and market such as the UNITED STATE, GUAM, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA.
PHILIPPINES
218
METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE OR SHABU continues to be smuggled into the country through its airports, seaports, and mail and parcel services due to the country's porous border and long coastlines.
PHILIPPINES
218
has become a target market for illicit drugs manufactured overseas.
PHILIPPINES
218
PHILIPPINES is the world-wide distribution of illegal drugs such as
SHABU AND COCAINE
218
PHILIPPINES major transshipment point for the world-wide distribution of illegal drugs from?
TAIWAN AND SOUTH AMERICA, CHINA AND HONGKONG
219
PHILIPPINES is the major supplier of
MARIJUANA
220
PHILIPPINES strategically located dose to major sources of illegal drugs in neighboring Asia counties as well as to major illegal drug outlet and market such as the
UNITED STATE, GUAM, JAPAN AND AUSTRALIA
221
The ______ which make smuggling of illegal drug much easier for the syndicates, the _____ , among the longest in the world, which make it very difficult for law enforcement agencies to patrol, plus an antiquated boats and personnel to protect the sea- lanes.
easily penetrable airports in the country
long Philippine shore lines
222
continues to be smuggled into the country through its airports, seaports, and mail and parcel services due to the country's porous border and long coastlines.
METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE OR SHABU
223
PERCENTAGE OF THESE:
SHABU
CANNABIS SATIVA OR MARIJUANA
COCAINE
92.77%
28.25%
0.61% or less than 1%
223
According to 2023 Statistical Analysis of the Dangerous Drugs Board, ____ is one of the most abused drug in the country and has a 92.77%. ____ as the 2nd abused drug having 28.25%. ____ is the 3rd having 0.61% or less than 1%
SHABU
CANNABIS SATIVA OR MARIJUANA
COCAINE
224
THREE MAJOR DRUG SYNDICATES OPERATING IN THE COUNTRY:
1. AFRICAN DRUG SYNDICATES (ADS)2. 2. THE CHINESE/ FILIPINO-CHINESE DRUG SYNDICATES
3. THE MEXICAN SINALOA CARTEL
225
-have been identified to be primarily responsible for the recruitment of Filipino drug couriers who smuggle drugs to and from other Asian countries.
AFRICAN DRUG SYNDICATES (ADS)
226
-These drug couriers try to conceal drugs by ingesting the substance in capsules, hiding drugs in cartons of milk, shoe boxes, books, bottles, and the secret compartments of bags and luggage.
AFRICAN DRUG SYNDICATES (ADS)
227
--drug hub is BAGUIO CITY
AFRICAN DRUG SYNDICATES (ADS)
227
-dominate the country's illegal drug trade by smuggling and manufacturing drugs in bulk.
THE CHINESE/ FILIPINO-CHINESE DRUG SYNDICATES
227
-These activities ensure the abundant supply of illegal drugs in the Philippine market.
THE CHINESE/ FILIPINO-CHINESE DRUG SYNDICATES
228
are further responsible for the establishment of clandestine laboratories and illegal chemical warehouses nationwide.
THE CHINESE/ FILIPINO-CHINESE DRUG SYNDICATES
229
-Based on records, 66% of the arrested drug personalities from the dismantled SHABU LABORATORIES since 2002 are CHINESE NATIONALS.
THE CHINESE/ FILIPINO-CHINESE DRUG SYNDICATES
230
-Based on records, 66% of the arrested drug personalities from the dismantled SHABU LABORATORIES since 2002 are
CHINESE NATIONALS.
231
-Based on records, ___ of the arrested drug personalities from the dismantled SHABU LABORATORIES since ___ are CHINESE NATIONALS.
66%
2002
232
- this powerful cartel was believed to have penetrated the country.
THE MEXICAN SINALOA CARTEL
233
--discovered in 2013 after the raid conducted in LIPA, BATANGAS
THE MEXICAN SINALOA CARTEL
233
--founded by JOAQUIN EL CHAPO GUZMAN
THE MEXICAN SINALOA CARTEL
234
reported the highest drug affectation rate nationwide with 95.37% of its 1,706 barangays
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
235
The NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION reported the highest drug affectation rate nationwide with 95.37% of its 1,706 barangays followed by:
-Zamboanga Peninsula with 93.47%,
-Central Visayas at 88.78%,
-Central Luzon at 84.01% and
-Caraga, Mindanao at 82.38%.
236
--this is based on 2018 statistics and as of 2022 statistics is ___ is still on top
NCR
237
--lowest drug affection rate in the country is the
MIMAROPA
237
-Critical places involves ___ as the major hub of shabu production in the country
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
237
is the concentration of Marijuana cultivation
NORTHERN LUZON
237
--marijuana cultivation is enhanced by the
green triangle
238
-THE GREEN TRIANGLE: bordering the provinces of
BENGUET, MOUNTAIN PROVINCE AND KALINGA including the borders of LA UNION AND ILOCOS SUR
239
The NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION reported the highest drug affectation rate nationwide with
95.37% of its 1,706 barangays
