2 Flashcards
(15 cards)
the fluid portion of the cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance within a cell, excluding the nucleus and organelles, and is a major site for many cellular processes
Cytosol
cellular structures, found in all cells, that are responsible for protein synthesis, translating genetic information from mRNA into proteins
Ribosomes
a selective barrier or semi-permeable barrier that surrounds all cells, separating the interior from the external environment and regulating the passage of molecules.
Plasma membrane
a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
Contains most cell organelles
Nucleus
a double-membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, separating the genetic material (DNA) from the cytoplasm and regulating the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope
a protein meshwork lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope
Nuclear lamina
a complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins that forms the chromosomes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, playing a crucial role in packaging DNA and regulating gene expression
Chromatin
a prominent, non-membrane-bound structure within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, primarily responsible for ribosome biogenesis and plays a role in other nuclear processes
Nucleolus
a network of tubules and vesicles involved in lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification, as well as calcium ion storage, particularly in muscle cells. Store calcium
Smooth er
a network of flattened sacs and tubules studded with ribosomes, playing a crucial role in protein synthesis and modification within eukaryotic cells.
Bound ribosomes
Rough ER
Consist of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae
Golgi apparatus
membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
Digestive compartment
Lysosomes
hollow, cylindrical structures, part of the cytoskeleton, composed of tubulin proteins, that provide support, shape, and facilitate movement within eukaryotic cells, including intracellular transport and cell division.
Microtubules
the thinnest components of the cytoskeleton, composed of two intertwined strands of the protein actin, and play crucial roles in cell shape, movement, and division.
Microfilaments
type of cytoskeletal element that provide mechanical strength and structural support to cells, acting as a network that extends from the nucleus to the plasma membrane
Intermediate filaments
