Quiz 2 Part 2 Flashcards
(19 cards)
is a partial degradation of
sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen.
Fermentation
• the most efficient catabolic pathway
• oxygen is consumed as a reactant
along with the organic fuel
• oxygen is consumed as
• a reactant along with the organic fuel
Aerobic Respiration
Some prokaryotes use substances
other than oxygen as reactants in a similar process that harvests
chemical energy without oxygen.
Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic cycle
Produces 2 atp
Krebs cycle
Produces 34 atp
Electric cycle chain
occurs in the cytosol, begins the
degradation process by breaking
glucose into two molecules of a
compound
Pyruvate
A mode of ATP in which the energy released at each step of the chain is stored in a form the mitochondrion (or prokaryotic cell) can use to make ATP from ADP.
it is powered by the redox reactions of the electron transport chai
Oxidative phosphorylation
mechanism in which a smaller
amount of ATP is formed directly in a few reactions of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Generates 2 net atp
• Does not require oxygen
• Is an anaerobic process
Glycolysis
functions as a metabolic furnace that further oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate cycle
Citric acid cycle
collection of molecules embedded
in the inner membrane of the
mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells.
Electron transport chain
are proteins in which most of the
remaining electron carriers between ubiquinone and oxygen
Cytochromes
Enzymes can catalyze a reaction in
either direction, depending on the ΔG for the reaction, which is affected by the local concentrations of reactants and products
Chemiosmosis
way of harvesting
chemical energy without using either O2 or any electron transport chain—in other words, without cellular respiration.
Fermentation
are organisms that carry out only
fermentation or anaerobic respiration
these organisms cannot survive in the presence of oxygen, some forms of which can actually be toxic if protective systems are not present in the cell.
Obligate anaerobes
organisms that can make enough ATP to survive using either fermentation or
respiratio
Facultative anaerobes
A metabolic sequence where most of the energy of a fat is stored in the fatty
acids
Beta oxidation
The end product of the anabolic
pathway inhibits the enzyme that
catalyzes an early step of the pathway
Feedback inhibition
• is an allosteric enzyme with receptor sites for specific inhibitors and activators. It is inhibited by ATP and stimulated by AMP (adenosine monophosphate), which the cell
derives from ADP.
Phosphofructokinase
