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Question 1

drug definition

Answer 1

chemical substance that causes a change in an organism physiological or phycology when consumed

Question 2

herbal medicine definition

Answer 2

contain plants and may have positive therapeutic effect

Question 3

natural product definition

Answer 3

a synthetically produced compound which is analytically identical to the naturally occurring compound

Question 4

5 characteristics of herbal

Answer 4

• contains plant/plant extract
• contains many compounds
• only some compounds have a positive therapeutic effect
• activity typically much lower than pharmaceutical as API diluted by other compounds
  -BP regulates quality not efficacy

Question 5

4 characteristics of pharmaceutical

Answer 5

• contains purified compound
• may have 2-3 compounds
• all API have an effect
• activity which and depend on dosage

Question 6

is drug discovery cheap, what 2 things does it rely on and 2 ways they start

Answer 6

• expensive
• so usually relies on methodical practical approached or observing unexplained beneficial effects
• clues taken from history or screening can be used to identify products

Question 7

what is screening

Answer 7

involve testing of compounds against particulate biological targets

Question 8

3 types of screening

Answer 8

1. extensive screening
2. randoms screening
3. high-throughput screening

Question 9

what is extensive screening and when do you use it , why would you use it

Answer 9

• new chemical entity which is screened against a variety of bio targets
• when you don’t know what a compound does
  -many compounds require more effort to obtain so its worth spending money to see if they do anything, screen against a range of targets

Question 10

what is random screening and when use

Answer 10

• therapeutic object is fixed
• thousands of compounds tested against a small number of screens
• have target in bind and throw a library of compounds to see if anything works

Question 11

2 benefits of a semi-synthetic route and what type of chemistry does it use

Answer 11

• reduces production costs significantly
• as the natural compound act as a starting point
• uses protecting group chemistry

Question 12

what is a protecting group

Answer 12

a protecting group is a group attached a group/atom to prevent it from reacting and is easily removed