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Question 1

Morphological Classification based on Fungi
1. reproduce asexually by budding/ fission
- ex
2. primarily yeast-like but can form pseudohyphae
- ex
3. composed of hyphae that form mycelium
- ex
4. exist in two forms
- ex (2)
- yeast at
- mold at

Answer 1

1. Yeasts
   - Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans
2. Yeast-like fungi
   - Candida spp.
3. Molds
   - Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus
4. Dimorphic fungi
   - Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis
   - body temp 37C
   - room temp 25C

Question 2

SEXUAL SPORES
- aka

1. thick-walled spores formed by fusion of hyphae (aka)
   - sexual spore type
   - 2 medically important examples
2. produced in asci (sac-like structures)
   - sexual spore type
   - 2 medically important examples

Answer 2

SEXUAL SPORES
- TELEOMORPH STAGE

1. ZYGOMYCOTA (mucorales)
   - Zygospores
   - Rhizopus, Mucor
2. ASCOMYCOTA
   - Ascospores
   - Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 3

SEXUAL SPORES

1. Produced on basidia (club-shaped cells)
   - sexual spore type
   - 2 medically important examples
2. Asexual stage only observed (aka)
   - sexual spore type
   - 2 medically important examples

Answer 3

1. BASIDIOMYCOTA
   - Basidiospores
   - Cryptococcus neoformans
2. FUNGI IMPERFECTI (Deuteromycota)
   - no know sexual spores
   - Candida albicans, Aspergillus spp.

Question 4

ASEXUAL SPORES
- aka

1. formed inside sporangium
   - 2 medically important examples
2. born externally on conidiophores (aka)
   - 2 medically important examples

Answer 4

• Anamorph Stage

1. SPORANGIOSPORES
   - Rhizopus, Mucor
2. CONIDIOSPORES
   - Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp

Question 5

ASEXUAL SPORES

1. formed by fragmentation of hyphae
   - 1 ex
2. formed by budding from yeast cells
   - 2 ex
3. thick walled survival spores
   - 1 ex

Answer 5

1. ARTHROCONIDIA
   - Coccidioides immitis
2. BLASTOCONIDIA
   - Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans
3. CHLAMYDOCONIDIA
   - Candida albicans

Question 6

Classification based on Hyphal arrangement

1. coiled, spiral shaped
   - common organism
   - significance
2. comb like projections
   - common organism
   - significance
3. antler/ chandelier like ends
   - common organism
   - significance

Answer 6

1. SPIRAL HYPHAE
   - Trichophyton mentagrophytes
   - differentiation from Trichophyton rubrum
2. PECTINATE BODY
   - Microsporum audouinii
   - anthropophilic dermatophyte ID
3. FAVIC BODY
   - Trichophyton schoenleinii
   - diagnostic of favus

Question 7

Classification based on Hyphal arrangement

1. Irregular knots on hyphae
   - common organism
   - significance
2. Tennis racquet like cells
   - common organism
   - significance

Answer 7

1. NODULAR BODY
   - Trichophyton spp.
   - supportive finding
2. RACQUET HYPHAE
   - various dematophytes, Trichophyton flocossum
   - characteristic but not exclusive

Question 8

Classification based on Location

1. Superficial:
   - location
   - 2 ex
2. Cutaneous
   - location
   - 2 ex
3. Subcutaneous
   - location
   - 2 ex

Answer 8

1. Superficial:
   - stratum corneum, hair shaft
   - Malassezia, Trichosporon
2. Cutaneous
   - epidermis, hair, nails
   - dermatophytes, Candida albicans
3. Subcutaneous
   - dermis, subcutaneous tissues
   - sporothrix, fonsecaea

Question 9

Classification based on Location

1. Systemic (primary):
   - location
   - 2 ex
2. Opportunistic
   - location
   - 2 ex

Answer 9

1. Systemic (primary):
   - deep organs
   - Histoplasma, Blastomyces
2. Opportunistic
   - various organs in compromised hosts
   - Candida, Aspergillus, Mucor