Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology Exam 2 > 2/3 ch. 24-25 > Flashcards

2/3 ch. 24-25 Flashcards

(42 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are DMARDs used to treat?

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are DMARDs typically used for (what disease?)

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
- misnomer: used to treat lots of autoimmune diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When are DMARDs used?

A

When NSAIDs do not control rheumatoid arthritis pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do DMARDs suppress?

A

Prostaglandin activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long does it take for DMARDs to work?

A

Can take several months to become therapeutic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Entanercept:

A

Subqutaneous
Given once/week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Infliximab

A

IV influsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adalimumab

A

Subqutaneous
Every 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Methotrexate

A

Oral pill
- Extremely potent and toxic
- GI distress
- N/V
- Hard on liver
- Contraindicated in pregnancy (Category X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the nurse know to do prior to administering a DMARD?

A

Check for infection
- Patient CANNOT take if fever, TB, or active infection is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why can’t patient take DMARDs with infection?

A

immunosuppressive nature of DMARDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What must patients taking DMARDs avoid?

A

Crowds, trauma, sick people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What should be increased in patients taking anti-gout medications?

A

Fluids
To promote uric acid secretion and prevent kidney stones (tophi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Colchicine

A

Decrease inflammation caused by gout
Stops cute gout attack (taken during attack)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Allopurinol

A

Works by inhibiting the production of uric acid
Used prophylactically to prevent gout (taken daily)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Probenecid

A

Inhibits uric acid reabsorption, therefore decreasing uric acid levels
Taken prophylactically to prevent a gout attack (taken daily)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is contraindicated while taking anti-gout medications?

Study These Flashcards
A

Grapefruit juice - increases med effect
Avoid salicylates (probenecid only)

18
Q

What should the nurse monitor in patients taking anti-gout medications?

Study These Flashcards
A

Uric acid levels
CBC
Liver and kidney function
Bleeding and infection

19
Q

What should be avoided while taking anti-gout medications?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Grapefruit juice
  • Alcohol
  • Foods high in pruine
20
Q

What side effect is associated with allopurinol?

Study These Flashcards
A

Metallic taste

21
Q

What should the nurse be looking for when evaluating the efficacy of anti-gout medications?

Study These Flashcards
A

Improvement in pain
Decrease joint swelling, redness
Decreased uric acid level
Decrease in number of gout attacks

22
Q

Which non-opioid analgesic has analgesic and anti-pyretic properties

Study These Flashcards
A

Acetaminophen

23
Q

What does acetaminophen NOT do?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • It is not an anti-inflammatory
  • Does not surpress platelet aggregation
  • Does not cause GI upset
24
Q

How is acetaminophen metabolized?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mainly by liver and excreted by kidneys

25
What two things does acetaminophen interact with?
Alcohol: Additive effect Warfarin: Increases effect
26
What is the maximum dose/day of acetaminophen?
Person with a healthy liver = 4000 mg or 4 g
27
What inceases acute toxicity of acetaminophen?
Fasting and alcohol
28
Signs/symptoms of acetaminophen toxicity? (5 things)
- N/V - Sweating - Diarrhea - Abdominal pain - Liver damage can occur within 48 hours after ingestion
29
What can be used to minimize liver damage after acetaminophen overdose?
Administering oral acetylcysteine (inhalation, oral, or IV)
30
When should oral acetylcysteine be administered?
within 24 hours of ingestion
31
What drugs are classified as CNS depressants?
Opioid analgesics
32
What do opioid analgesics suppress?
- Pain - Respirations - Cough
33
When are opioid analgesics contraindicated?
In head injuries because of their ability to decrease repirations causing an increase in CO2 and intracranial pressure.
34
Why do opioids reinforce the additive effect?
Activates the reward system
35
What are some examples of opioids?
- Morephine - Oxycodone - Hydrocodone - Hyromorphone - Fetanyl
36
What are the routes for opioid analgesics?
- Oral - IM - IV - Rectal - Epidural - Topical
37
How do opioids take effect?
Bind to the opiate receptors in the CNS
38
What increases the risk for respiratory depression?
- Alcohol - Sedatives - Muscle relaxers
39
What interventions should the nurse prioritize when caring for a patient taking opioid analgesics?
Monitor VS - hypotension - respirations Monitor urinary output Monitor for constipation - assess bowel sounds - stool softener Assess pain level before and after Monitor for falls
40
How should opioids be given?
Take with food Give at first onset of pain
41
What would someone look like if they were administered too much of an opioid?
Pinpoint pupils Clammy skin Depressed respirations
42
What is the antidote for opioid analgesics
Naloxone

Pharmacology Exam 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions