2

Question 1

Intracellular pH

Answer 1

7.0

Question 2

Extracellular pH

Answer 2

7.3-7.4

Question 3

Examples of Positive Feedback

Answer 3

Childbirth, Blood clotting

Question 4

Intracellular Ions

Answer 4

Potassium, Inorganic Phosphate, Magnesium, Protein, Sulfate

Question 5

Structure of Lysosome

Answer 5

Endocytotic Vesicle + Digestive Enzyme Vesicle

Question 6

What are Lysosomes filled with?

Answer 6

Acid Hydrolases

Question 7

Inner Membrane of Mitochondria associated with?

Answer 7

Electron Transport Chain

Question 8

Peroxisomes utilize what specific enzyme?

Answer 8

Catalase

Question 9

Peroxisome location?

Answer 9

Liver, Macrophages, Neutrophils

Question 10

Function of Microfilaments

Answer 10

Muscle contraction, Structural Integrity, needed for Endocytosis

Question 11

3 Examples of Intermediate Filaments

Answer 11

1. Keratin (Epithelial Cells)
2. Neurofilaments (Nerve Tissue)
3. Vimentin (Fibroblasts, Glial Cells, Muscle Cells)

Question 12

Function of Tubulin

Answer 12

Locomotion of Cilia and Flagella, Chromosomal Movement, Vesicle Transport, Secretion

Question 13

What direction is DNA read?

Answer 13

3’-5’

Question 14

How many Amino Acids does each codon code for?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

What is the start Anticodon?

Answer 15

UAC

Question 16

What is the start codon?

Answer 16

AUG (Methionine)

Question 17

What happens when the stop code is reached in Transcription?

Answer 17

Hairpin Loop is created in mRNA allowing it to dissociate.

Question 18

What initiates Transcription?

Answer 18

RNA Polymerase binds to and unwinds the DNA

Question 19

What direction is RNA created?

Answer 19

5’-3’

Question 20

Where is the Anticodon located?

Answer 20

tRNA

Question 21

How is tRNA activated?

Answer 21

Aminoacyl tRNA Synthase attaches the AA to it (requires ATP)

Question 22

What happens in Termination stage of Translation?

Answer 22

Stop codon is reaches, release factor binds, protein is now free (requires energy)

Question 23

What does the Signal Recognition Particle recognize?

Answer 23

A signal that comes from the first 20-30 AA added on the chain

Question 24

Where is the Signal Recognition Particle located?

Answer 24

ER

Question 25

What is the Cell Cycle?

Answer 25

1. M (Mitosis) 2. G1 (Growth) 3. S (DNA Synthesis) 4. G2 (Growth)

Question 26

What happens when Repressor Proteins bind to the repressor?

Answer 26

RNA Polymerase cant bind to the promoter

Question 27

What enzymes are in the S Phase?

Answer 27

Helicase, DNA Polymerase I,III (proof reads), DNA Ligase (makes repairs)

Question 28

Where does the S Phase begin?

Answer 28

Replication Fork (A=T)

Question 29

What does the opposite of the Repressor Operator?

Answer 29

Activator Operator

Question 30

What uses a pore (channel protein)?

Answer 30

Water (Osmosis) and Ions. Both Simple Diffusion

Question 31

How do gasses get through the cell membrane?

Answer 31

Simple Diffusion (straight line on graph)

Question 32

How do water soluble things get through the Cell Membrane?

Answer 32

They need protein. Either a pore (channel protein) or a carrier protein

Question 33

What does the opposite of the Repressor Operator?

Answer 33

Activator Operator

Question 34

How do gasses get through the cell membrane?

Answer 34

Simple Diffusion (straight line on graph)

Question 35

What uses a Carrier Protein (curved line)?

Answer 35

Facilitated Passive Diffusion and Active Diffusion

Question 36

What is Facilitated Passive Diffusion?

Answer 36

A carrier is used but no energy. It uses the gradient

Question 37

What is Active Diffusion?

Answer 37

Primary and Secondary; uses energy and goes against gradient

Question 38

Is there regulated Endocytosis?

Answer 38

Yes, uses Clathrin coated pits

Question 39

What will produce a straight line on the graph?

Answer 39

Simple Diffusion ; Lipid and Water Soluble shit

Question 40

Example of Facilitated Diffusion?

Answer 40

Glucose Transport

Question 41

What is Osmosis?

Answer 41

Water movement from low to high solute concentration

Question 42

What are perfect osmometers?

Answer 42

RBCs

Question 43

What are Primary Active Transport? (pumps)

Answer 43

Na/K Pump, Calcium Pump, Hydrogen Ion Pump

Question 44

What does a Na/K pump do?

Answer 44

Moves 3 Na out and 2 K into the cell

Question 45

What does a Calcium Pump do?

Answer 45

Pumps Calcium out of cytoplasm into the SR

Question 46

Hydrogen Ion Pump function?

Answer 46

Decrease pH of stomach and urine

Question 47

Calcium Pump location?

Answer 47

Cell Membrane of nerve and muscle

Question 48

Hydrogen Ion Pump location?

Answer 48

Parietal Cell, DCT in Kidney

Question 49

What are 2 examples of Co-Transport?

Answer 49

1. Na/Glucose | 2. Na/Amino Acid

Question 50

What are 2 examples of Counter Transport?

Answer 50

1. Na/Ca | 2. Na/H

Question 51

What is the function of Na/Glucose Co-Transport?

Answer 51

Move Na/Glucose out of the cell and into the blood; Small Intestine, DCT of Kidney

Question 52

What is the function of the Na/H Counter Transport?

Answer 52

Na into the cell, H out and into Urine; PCT of Kidney

Question 53

What is the function of Na/Ca Counter Transport?

Answer 53

Na into the cell, Ca pumped out; Most cells, T-tubule of Heart

Question 54

What happens during the Rising Phase of an AP?

Answer 54

Sodium goes in (Depolarization)

Question 55

What restores resting membrane potential after an AP?

Answer 55

ATPase

Question 56

What happens during the Falling Phase of an AP?

Answer 56

K goes out (Repolarization)

Question 57

Characteristics of Synaptic Transmission? (4)

Answer 57

1. Fatigue 2. Post-Tetanic (calcium) Facilitation 3. Synaptic Delay 4. Summation

Question 58

What is the result of Summation?

Answer 58

Increase frequency of Action Potentials

Question 59

The Pre-Synaptic Terminal contains what 2 things?

Answer 59

1. Transmitter Vesicles | 2. Mitochondria

Question 60

What happens when an AP reaches the terminal?

Answer 60

Depolarization opens Ca channels; the influx of Ca induces NT response