2. Alkanes

Question 1

what atoms do alkanes contain

Answer 1

carbons and hydrogen atoms

Question 2

what kind of hydrocarbons are alkanes

Answer 2

saturated

Question 3

when naming alkanes what are the 2 steps for naming

Answer 3

1. select longest chain and count # of C
2. number of C determines prefix

Question 4

what happens if when naming alkanes there are 2 chains of equal length

Answer 4

choose chain with greater number of substituents

Question 5

what is the prefix for alkanes with one C

Answer 5

meth-

Question 6

what is the prefix for alkanes with two C

Answer 6

eth-

Question 7

what is the prefix for alkanes with 3 C

Answer 7

prop-

Question 8

what is the prefix for alkanes with 4 C

Answer 8

but-

Question 9

what is the prefix for alkanes with 5 C

Answer 9

pent-

Question 10

what is the prefix for alkanes with 6 C

Answer 10

hex-

Question 11

what is the prefix for alkanes with 7 C

Answer 11

hept-

Question 12

what is the prefix for alkanes with 8 C

Answer 12

oct-

Question 13

what is the prefix for alkanes with 9 C

Answer 13

non-

Question 14

what is the prefix for alkanes with 10 C

Answer 14

dec-

Question 15

what is the suffix for naming alkanes

Answer 15

-ane

Question 16

what are cycloalkanes

Answer 16

Carbon atoms bonded in a cyclical structure

Question 17

what does the prefix cyclo- indicate

Answer 17

the presence of a ring structure

Question 18

what is the name suffix given to the substituents of alkanes

Answer 18

-ethyl

Question 19

what end of the parent chain is labelled as the lowest number (1) if one substituent is present

Answer 19

the substituent is assigned the lowest number possible

Question 20

what end of the parent chain is labelled as the lowest number (1) if many substituents are present

Answer 20

the first substituent receives the lowest number

Question 21

what end of the parent chain is labelled as the lowest number (1) if many substituents are present and there is a tie

Answer 21

second substituent is as low as possible

Question 22

what end of the parent chain is labelled as the lowest number (1) if many substituents are present and tied both times

Answer 22

lowest number assigned in alphabetical order

Question 23

what is the prefix used to indicate that a substituent appears twice

Answer 23

di-

Question 24

what is the prefix used to indicate that a substituent appears 3 times

Answer 24

tri-

Question 25

what is the prefix used to indicate that a substituent appears 4 times

Answer 25

tetra-

Question 26

what is the prefix used to indicate that a substituent appears 5 times

Answer 26

penta-

Question 27

what is the prefix used to indicate that a substituent appears 6 times

Answer 27

hexa-

Question 28

what are the 4 steps in naming alkanes

Answer 28

1. identify parent chain
2. identify and name substituent
3. number parent chain and assign location of substituents
4. arrange substituents alphabetically

Question 29

what are the 2 newman projection conformation types

Answer 29

staggered and eclipsed

Question 30

which newman projection is highest in energy and what does this mean in terms of stability

Answer 30

eclipsed conformation is highest in energy

means it has less stability

Question 31

what 2 conformations can cyclohexane be found in

Answer 31

chair and boat

Question 32

at any moment 99% of cyclohexane molecules are found in which conformation

Answer 32

chair conformation

Question 33

do chair or boat conformations have more stability and energy

Answer 33

chair conformation has lower energy = more stability

Question 34

in the chair conformation the hydrogen atoms that are in the same plane as the ring are ___

Answer 34

equatorial

Question 35

in the chair conformation the hydrogen atoms that are perpendicular to the ring are ___

Answer 35

axial

Question 36

what process allows the 2 conformations of each chair conformation

Answer 36

chair flip

Question 37

what determines which chair conformation is more stable

Answer 37

conformation with substituent in the equatorial position is more stable as less steric interactions

Question 38

what is the general formula for alkanes

Answer 38

CnH(2n+2)

Question 39

are alkanes soluble in water

Answer 39

no

Question 40

what are 2 reactions that alkanes undergo

Answer 40

combustion and substitution

Question 41

what two atoms does alkanes undergo substitution with

Answer 41

chlorine and bromine

Question 42

in what conditions can alkanes undergo substitution reactions with Br2 and Cl2

Answer 42

in UV light