2. Anomolies, Atelectasis, Consolidation Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is an azygous lobe
Created when azygos vein is laterally positioned and makes a deep fissure in the upper part of lung during embryological development
What is srb’s anomaly
1st and 2nd ribs are fused parially or completely
What is lushkas bifurcated rib and sig
Ant aspect of upper rib is forked
most common rib anomaly
no clinical sig
What is a rib foramen + loc
located in post aspect of lower rib
oval shaped foramen
no clinical sig
What is an intrathoracic rib
A vertical bone which arises from the ;lateral vert body or post rib in the mid thoracic region
Similarities of consolidation and atelectasis
Both appear as opacity in th involved areas of the lung
What is the silhouette sign
loss of normal lung/soft tissue interface or silhouette
causes: lobar consolidation, atelectasis, pleural effusion
imaging signs of lobar consolidation
- patchy, homogeneous or generalized opacity that obscure the interstitial markings
- fluffy opacities
- preserved luung volume
What is the air bronchogram sign and what do u see it in
Can see air in bronchi beyond the primary bronchi (lobar consolidation)
What is consolidation
Filling of the alveoli by any cause
fluid, pus, blood, tumor
Causes of lobar consolidation
- infectious (pneumonia, TB)
- Blood- (pulmonary hemorrhage)
FLuid (pulmonary oedema secondary to heart failure, ARDS)
Neoplasms
Inflammatory
Why is an air bronchogram sign seen
seen w consolidation of lung tissue surrounding the bronchi
What is atelectasis
Collapse of a lobe or portion of a lobe w resorption of our from the alveoli
- will see an opaque lobe and the fissure will likely move up towards it so the other rlobe can compensate
What are the signs of volume loss in atelectasis (6)
1 displacement of fissure (towards opacity)
2 Elevation of a hemidiaphram (on side of collapse)
3 Shift of mediastinum (towards opacity)
4. Displaced hills (towards opacity(
5 Crowding of vasculature
6 Splaying of vasculature
Clinical signs of atelectasis
- Respiratory distress
- dyspenae
- pulse (tachycardia)
- respiratory rate (tachypnea)
- pleural pain
- central cyanosis
LUL atelectasis radiographic signs
Blurring of the left heart border
Increased opacity adjacent to the left heart border
Ant displacement of major fissure
elevation of left diaphragm
shift of mediastiinum left
Signs of atelectasis of RML
Increased opacity adjacent to the right heart border
horizontal fissure is not visible in frontal view
Blurring of r heart brder
Elevation of r hemidiaphram
Shift of mediastinum t R
inf displacement of minor fissure
Atelectasis of RLL signs
Triangular opacity at base of R lung medially
Dome of R hemidiaphram is lost= silhouette sign
shift of mediastinum and trachea to the right
right hilum depressed
Causes of atelectasis (4 categories)
Compressive- pleural effusion, pneumothorax, bulgae, hemothoracx, any space occupying lesion
Obstrictive- ventilation to area is absent or reduced leading to collapse (tumor/aneurysm,aspiration, mucus plugging)
Fibrosis
Adhesive
