5. COPD, inhalation, other Flashcards
What are the obstructive lung diseases (5z)
- Asthma
- Emphysema
- COPD
- Bronchiectasis
- cystic firbosis
(all present w hyperlucent lungs)
What os emphysema
Permanent abnormal enlargement of the airspaces w destruction of their walls
Emphysema imaging findings
- Hyperlucent lungs (losss of normal interstitial markings)
- Diaphram flattening + depression (due to expansion)
- +/- bullae (lucent cyst)
- Normal or enlarged pulmonary arteries with small peripheral vessels
- Increased AP diameter of chest
What is a bulla
Thin waled (<1mm) air filled space contained within the lun g
bleb vs bulla
Bleb- Small air cavity (<1cm)= int typically see
Bulla- >1cm
do u need to image w asthma
chest xray only required in children w severe disease or when s/s that suggest:
- Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum
- consolidation
- if require ventilaion
imaging findings in cystic fibrosis
- increased lucency of lungs
- increased lung volume
- accentuated linear opacities in the upper and central lung fields due to thickening of bronchial wallls
What is COPD
Combo of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, usually in pt w hx of smoking
Dx of COPD
plain film findings are non specific
CT may be helpful
Pulmonary Function tests required*
COPD imaging findings
looks super similar to emphysema
hyperlucency/Barrel chest
management of COPD
- no cure
- refer to pulmologist
- bronchodilators, corticosteroids, oxygen
What is pneumoconiosis
Inhalation of inorganic dust which accumulates in the lung and produces disease
what will you hear on auscultation in pneumoconiosis
Crackles and rales on auscultation
imaging findings of asbestosis
Interstitial parenchymal pattern (fibrosis and scarrng of lung tissue, favors the lower lung zones)
Pleural calcifications/plaques
acute bacterial pneumonia mc cause
Steptococcus pneumoniae (mc from untx strep throat)
acute bacterial pneumonia clinical features
-Fever, chills, productive cough, pleuric chest pain
=Tachypnea, crackles/rales
imaging findings of acute bacterial pneumoni
consolidation
air bronchogram
Viral pneumonia more common causes
Influenza
parainfluenza
respiratory syncytial virus
Clinical pres of viral pneumonia + age
- Fever, malaise, headache, runny nose
- non productive cough
-mc in young kids/older adults
Typical causes of Lung Abscess
- TB
- Mycosis
- Primary carcinoma
- Pulmonary infarction
Clinical findings/presentation of lung abscess
Pres- Fever, weight loss, malaise, very ill
Clinical- foul smelling purulent sputum, poor dental hygeine
Lung abscess imaging features
mass/consolidation
pleural effusion
Pulmonary TB s/s
- fatigue, weight loss
- low grade fever
- night seats
- cough
- hemoptysis
- asympitomatic
lab tests for pulmonary tb
TB skin test
sputum analysis
