2🍋Behaviourism-Approaches PAPER2 Flashcards
Behaviourist 3 key assumptions
-Psychologists should only study observable, quantifiable behavious
-All behaviour is learned
-Humans are no different than animals, should not be regarded as more complex
Which psychologist discovered classical conditioning?
Pavlov
Classical conditioning?
Involves associating an involuntary reflex response with a new stimulus
How was classical conditioning discovered?
-Pavlov was studying salvation in dogs
-dogs salivate when doors open
-dogs learned associate doors opening with food
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
-an event that does not produce a response
-eg. pavlov experiment; opening the door
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
-an event that produces an innate, unlearned reflex response
-eg. pavlov experiment; food
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
-an event that produces a learned response
-eg. pavlov esperiment; opening door (associate with food)
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
-an innate, unlearned reflex behaviour displayed when exposed to unconditioned stimulus
-eg. pavlovs experiment; salivation in dog when exposed to food
Conditioned Response (CR)
-learned behaviour that is displayed when exposed to conditioned stimulus
-eg. pavlovs experiment; salivation in dog when door opens
Strengths of Labatory Experiment
-high levels of control means reseatched can eliminate possible extraneous variables
-enables replication to verify results
Strengths Behaviourism
-scientific, credible methods to investigate human behaviour
-believe all behaviour learnt, support nature nurture debate
-ideas used widely to help change negative behavious and encourage positive behaviour, behaviour modification used in schools=+prisons
Weakness Behaviourism
-dont consider influence of thought and cognitive processes as they are not observable
-argue we are not in control over our own behaviour, consequences in legal system
-cannot explain spontaneous behaviour in humans through operant or classical conditioning
-use animal research, not appropriate, humans ore complex
Who discovered Operant Conditioning
Skinner
Operant Condtioning
-focus on stimulus - response
-learning that uses rewards and punishment to change behaviour
How did Skinner research Operant conditioning
-rats in cage, when rat pressed level, rewarded with food, increased likelihood of repeated hebaviour
-variations to study, one delivered continuous shock until level pressed, one shocked rat when level pressed
-in both cases rats quickly learned what actions lead to most positive consequences
Positive Reinforcement
Something is added to increase likelihood of behaviour
Negative Reinforcement
Something removed to increase likelihood of behaviour
Positive punishment
Something added to decrease likelihood of bhevaiour
Negative Punishment
Something removed to decrease likelihood of behaviour
