2. Biological Classification Flashcards
1
Q
___________ was the earliest to attempt a scientific basis of classification
A
Aristotle
2
Q
Aristotle classified plants into - (3)
A
Trees, shrubs and herbs
2
Q
He divided animals into _______ no of groups, one with ______ and one that did not.
A
Had red blood and those that did not
3
Q
In Linnaeus time, _______ kingdom system of classification was used
A
2
3
Q
The 2 kingdom system of classification didn’t distinguished between - (3)
A
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes, Unicellular & multicellular, Photosynthetic & non-photosynthetic
4
Q
The 2 kingdom system classification was totally based on -
A
Mode of nutrition, presence or absence of cell wall
5
Q
In 2 kingdom classification, the bacteria was included under ‘Animals’. T/F
A
F, it was included under Plants
6
Q
Monera cell wall is made up of _______ and ________
A
Polysaccharide + amino acid
7
Q
Monera show autotrophic nutrition by acting as a - (2)
A
Chemosynthetic & Photosynthetic bacteria
8
Q
Monera show heterotrophic nutrition by acting as a - (2)
A
Saprophytic & parasitic bacteria
9
Q
Cellulose is present in cell wall of fungi. T/F
A
F. chitin is present
9
Q
Mode of nutrition in fungi is - (2)
A
Saprophytic and parasitic
10
Q
All protists don’t contain a cell wall. T/F
A
Fungi
11
Q
A
T
12
Q
A
F. they can be saprophytic
13
Q
A
Animal
14
Q
A
1969
15
Q
A
F
16
Q
A
Algae
16
Q
A
cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships
17
Q
A
Protista, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella, Paramoecium and Amoeba
18
Q
A
DigaQ. 1-A-Cocci, B - Bacilli, C - Spirilla, D-Vibrio: X-Spore, Y - Flagellum
19
Q
A
Based on evolutionary relationship
20
Q
A
Bacteria
21
T
22
T
23
Cocci, bacillus, vibrium, spirillum
24
F
25
Bacteria
26
F. mostly bacteria are heterotroph but not all
27
Archaebacteria
28
halophiles (extreme salty areas), thermoacidophiles (hot springs) & methanogens (marshy areas)
29
Different cell wall structure, branched chain lipids (phytanyl side chains)
30
Same as 33 and also absence of peptidoglycan
31
Methanogens
32
Chemoautotrophs
33
DigaQ. 2- Nostoc: A -Heterocyst, B-Mucilaginous sheath
34
T
35
F. it contains flagella
36
Blue green algae, chl a
37
Green plants
38
F. photosynthetic autotroph
39
T
40
F, it is filamentous
41
T
42
Gelatinous sheath
43
Blooms
44
Heterocysts
45
Anabaena, Nostoc
46
Chemosynthetic autotrophs, nitrates, nitrites, ammonia
46
Chemosynthetic autotrophs, N. P. Fe, S
47
Decomposers
47
Heterotrophic
48
DigaQ. 3-A-Cell wall, B - Cell membrane, C-DNA
48
F. they do fixation in legume roots
48
Cholera (Vibrio cholerae), typhoid (Salmonella typhi), tetanus (Clostridium tetani), citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri)
48
Filamentous
49
making curd from milk, production of antibiotics
49
F. in unfavourable conditions it produce spores
50
T
50
T
50
Mycoplasma
50
Fission, spore formation, sexual reproduction
51
Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction
51
T
52
F. fresh water also
52
F, can survive
53
Aquatic
53
Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime moulds and Protozoans
53
F. pathogenic in both plants and animals
54
Mycoplasma
54
Single celled eukaryotes
54
F. both sexually and asexually
54
F. both cilia and flagella
55
DigaQ. 4-A-Dinoflagellates, B - Euglena, C-Slime mould, D -Paramoecium
55
Diatoms and Golden algae (desmids)
55
thin, Soap box
56
Those who float passively in water currents
56
F. most are photosynthetic
56
Silica, indestructible
57
Cell wall deposits of diatoms
57
Polishing, filtration of oils and syrups
58
Yellow, green, brown, blue, red
58
Diatoms
58
Marine, photosynthetic
59
Rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates
59
Stiff cellulosic plates
59
F. two flagella
60
T
60
Fresh
60
Gonyaulax
61
T
61
F. they kill them
61
Pellicle, protein
61
Pellicle
62
T
62
F. two flagella, one short one long
63
Higher plants
63
F. they are photosynthetic in presence of sunlight, in absence of sunlight they behave as heterotroph
64
Euglena
64
Saprophytic
65
F. engulfing organic material
65
Suitable, plasmodium
66
T
67
Air currents
67
F. it have unicellular org. like yeast
67
F, unfavorable
67
True
67
Heterotrophs
67
Amoeboid, Flagellated, Cilliated and Sporozoans
68
Predators or parasites
68
Fresh water, sea water or moist soil
68
Protozonas
69
Putting out pseudopodia
69
Silica
69
Amoeba, Entamoeba
70
Entamoeba
70
Trypanosoma - Sleeping sickness
70
Free-living or parasitic
70
F. outside cell surface
71
Gullet
71
Paramoecium
71
T
71
Plasmodium - Malaria
71
T
72
Mustard
72
Yeast
72
Penicillium
72
Chitin and polysaccharide
72
Puccinia
72
T
72
Lichen, mycorrhiza
72
Slender thread, hyphae
72
Mycorrhiza
72
Hyphae are continuous tubes filled with multinucleated cytoplasm
72
Mycelium
72
Lichens
72
Fragmentation, fission and budding
72
Oospore, ascospore and basidiospore
72
Conidia or sporangiospore or zoospore
72
Fruiting bodies
72
F. haploid spores
72
Plasmogamy Karyogamy and meiosis
73
Plasmogamy
73
Karyogamy
73
F. absorb soluble organic matter
73
T
73
Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
73
F. (n+n) condition is seen ie, nuclei is not fused
73
Morphology of mycelium, mode of spore formation and fruiting bodies
73
T
73
Aseptate
73
DigaQ. 5-A-Mucor, B -Aspergillus, C-Agaricus
73
Mucor, Albugo, Rhizopus
73
Isogamous, anisogamous and oogamous
73
Endo. sporangium
73
F. it is Rhizopus
73
Saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic or coprophilous
73
AlbugoAlbugoAlbugo
73
branched, septate
73
Growing on dung
73
F. they can be
74
Mycelium
74
Saccharomyces
74
Aspergillus, Claviceps and Neurospora
74
Morels and truffles
74
Conidia
74
Asci, sac
74
Mushrooms, bracket fungi and puffballs
74
Ascospore, endo
74
Zoospore (motile) or aploanospore (non-motile)
74
Zygospore
74
Sac-fungi
74
Ascocarps
74
Neurospora
75
Exogenously, conidiophores
76
Rusts and smuts
76
F, asexual spore absent
76
F. absent
76
Branched and septate
76
Dikaryotic, basidium
76
Fragmentation
77
Imperfect fungi
77
Basidium
77
Somatic fusion
77
T
77
Exo, basidium
77
Agaricus (mushroom). Ustilago (smut) and Puccinia (rust fungus)
[Trick - Aaj(agaricus) Me(mushroom) Us(Ustilago) Se(Smut) Pareshan(Puccinia) Raha(rust)]
77
Basidiocarps
77
Sexual phase not present
77
Conidia
77
T
77
Saprophhytes, parasitic, decomposers of litter
77
Septate, branched
77
T
77
Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma
78
Cuscuta
78
Glycogen and fat
78
Bladderwort, Venus fly trap
79
Holozoic
79
DigaQ. 6-X-Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV),
Y - Bacteriophage:
A-RNA. B-Capsid, C - Head, D - Collar,
E-Sheath, F- Tail fibres
79
F. parasitic plant like cuscuta lose their
chlorophyll
79
Inert crystalline
79
Acellular
79
Proteins
79
D. J. Ivanowsky (1892)
80
D. J. Ivanowsky (However this line is now removed from NCERT)
80
Venom, poisonous fluid
80
M. W. Beijerinek, tabacco, contagium vivum
fluidum, 1898
80
W. M. Stanley (1935)
81
Helical or polyhedral
81
F, they are obligate parasite
81
F, not both only one of them
81
Protect the nucleic acid
81
Nucleoprotein
81
ssRNA
82
ssRNA or dsRNA or dsDNA
82
Virus that infect bacteria
83
dsDNA
83
Capsomeres
84
mumps, small pox, herpes and influenza. AIDS
84
mosaic formation, leaf rolling and curling. yellowing and vein clearing, dwarfing and stunted growth.
85
T. O. Diener, 1971
86
F. smaller
86
T
86
RNA
87
Potato spindle tuber disease
87
F. low molecular weight
87
Prions
88
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) commonly called mad cow disease, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD)
88
Uses of organisms
88
Pollution, polluted areas
89
Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water
89
Phycobiont, mycobiont
90
F. only one cell organelle i.e. Ribosomes
91
3, Archea, bacteria, eukarya
91
Two kingdom classification
92
T
93
T
93
T
94
Mucilagenous sheath
