2) carotid arteries

Question 1

compartments of the neck + their associated anatomical structures

Answer 1

V

• vertebral - cervical vertebrae + their associated muscles
• visceral - thyroid, parathyroid , thymus
• vascular - major vessels + VAGUS NERVE

Question 2

what structure encloses the compartments of the neck?

Answer 2

musculofascial collar

Question 3

at what level does carotid bifurcation occur

Answer 3

level of C4 costal cartilage

Question 4

at what level is the carotid pulse felt?

Answer 4

C4/C5/C6 - lateral to cricoid cartilage

Question 5

where does the right common carotid arise from?

Answer 5

the brachiocephalic trunk just behind right sternoclavicular joint

Question 6

where does the left common carotid arise from?

Answer 6

directly from the arch of aorta - enters neck at left sternoclavicular joint

Question 7

2 terminal branches of the common carotids

Answer 7

• external carotid - supplies external head + neck

- internal carotid - intracranial structures + the eye

Question 8

where is the carotid sinus located?

Answer 8

in the internal carotid, where it branches off the common carotid

Question 9

what is the function of the carotid sinus?

Answer 9

it contains sensory cells - barorececeptors - that detect stretch as a measure of blood pressure
glossopharyngeal nerve feeds this info to the brain to regulate BP

Question 10

where does the internal carotid enter the skull?

Answer 10

through the carotid canal - a small opening in the petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 11

branches of the internal carotid

Answer 11

• ophthalmic - branches after cavrnous sinus, supplies eye and orbit muscles - supraorbital + supratrochlear branches supply skin over the forehead
• anterior
• middle

Question 12

3 anterior external carotid branches

Answer 12

superior thyroid artery - descends to superior pole of thyroid gland - supplies it + surrounding muscles

lingual artery - loops over hyoid , runs medially to hyoglossus muscle+ enters substance of the tongue

facial artery - passes deep to stylohyoid + pos. belly digastric muscles - between submandibular gland+ mandible
supplies muscles of facial expression + face

Question 13

3 posterior external carotid branches

Answer 13

ascending pharyngeal - between internal carotid + pharynx
supplies pharynx, middle ear, meninges

occipital - passes superoposteriorly to pos. belly digastric
emerges on pos. aspect of the scalp

posterior auricular - passes superoposteriorly to lie in region of mastoid process
supplies scalp behind auricle + aurice itself

Question 14

2 terminal branches external carotid

Answer 14

maxillary - passes through protid gland into neck of mandible + infratemporal fossa
supplies upper + lower jaw, muscles of mastication, nasal cavity

superficial temporal - passes anterior to ear crossing zygomatic process of temporal bone - divides into 2 branches
supplies facial muscles + skin of temporal region

Question 15

which branch of the maxillary artery is vulnerable to injury resulting in extradural hemorrhage

Answer 15

middle meningeal arteries
bleeding strips the meningeal layer from the skull, increasing intracranial pressure - brain compressed- neurological dysfunction, coma, death

Question 16

which artery supplies skin of temporal region of the face and from where does it arise?

Answer 16

superficial temporal - terminal branch of external carotid

Question 17

which artery supplies the upper + lower jaws and muscles of mastication and where does it arise from?

Answer 17

maxillary - terminal branch of external carotid - arises pos. to neck of mandible

Question 18

which artery supplies the pharynx and from where does it arise?
what other structures does it supply blood to?

Answer 18

ascending pharyngeal - pos. branch of external carotid passes between pharynx + internal carotid
also supplies middle ear + meninges

Question 19

which artery supplies the posterior aspect of the scalp + from where does it arise?

Answer 19

occipital artery - pos. branch of external carotid

Question 20

which artery supplies muscles of facial expression + from where does it arise?

Answer 20

facial artery - ant. branch of external carotid

passes deep to stylohyoid + pos. belly digastric + between submandibular gland + mandible

Question 21

which artery supplies the tongue + from where does it arise?

Answer 21

lingual artery - ant. branch of external carotid - runs medially along stylohyoid muscle

Question 22

which artery supplies the thyroid gland + from where does it arise?

Answer 22

superior thyroid artery - ant. branch of external carotid

Question 23

which artery supplies the eye + orbital muscles + from where does it arise?

Answer 23

ophthalmic - branch of internal carotid

Question 24

what procedure is performed on the carotid to reduce risk of stroke + on which part is it usually performed?

Answer 24

carotid endarterectomy = removal of plague usually from internal (or common) carotid artery

Question 25

name and describe a potential etiology of sudden death related to the carotids?

Answer 25

carotid sinus reflex death - manual stimulation of the carotid sinus causes strong glossopharyngeal nerve impulses leading to terminal cardiac arrest