2. Cell Injury

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Ability to maintain a constant internal environment in response to external environment.

Question 2

Stress leads to

Answer 2

Adaptations

Question 3

Cut of blood supply

Answer 3

Ischemia

Question 4

Low oxygen in blood

Answer 4

Hypoxia

Question 5

Other types of cell injury

Answer 5

1. Nutritional
2. Genetic
3. Alcohol and toxins
4. Immunological
5. Infection

Question 6

Trauma,Frostbite and Burns

Answer 6

Physical cell injury

Question 7

In Covid-19 the patient death was due to the bodies reaction. This is example of …

Answer 7

Cell Injury- Immunological

Question 8

Brain tissue is sensitive to hypoxia (2-5 min) while skeletal muscles can adapt( 2-6hrs). This shows

Answer 8

Factors affecting cell injury- Type of cell

Question 9

Irritant classified by…

Answer 9

Nature, Severity and Duration.

Question 10

cell components affected in cell injury

Answer 10

1. Mitochondria
2. Cell membrane
3. DNA or RNA( genetic apparatus)

Question 11

CLINICAL CONSIDERATION:
What can you test to see the affected organ?

Answer 11

You can test proteins and enzymes that escaped through leaky membranes.

Question 12

Name the protein found in
Myocardial injury-
Hepatitis-
Pancreatitis-

Answer 12

1. Troponin or lactate dehydrogenase
2. Transaminases
3. Amylase and lipase

Question 13

Imbalance between free radical generating and free radical scavenging systems

Answer 13

Oxidative stress

Question 14

Imbalances between free radical generating and scavenging systems

Answer 14

Oxidative stress

Question 15

What are free radicals?

Answer 15

1. Unstable oxygen species
2. Damage and break lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
3. Formed by metabolism
4. Metabolism for chemicals and drugs

Question 16

Free radical defense

Answer 16

1. Spontaneous decay
2. Antioxidants
3. Free radical scavenging systems

Question 17

Mechanisms of cell injury

Answer 17

1. ATP depletion
2. Mitochondrial damage
3. Increased Ca+