2 - Cells and Organelles Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the three components found in all cells?
- Plasma Membrane
- DNA
- Ribosomes
Which organelle controls gene expression and contains DNA?
Nucleus
What are the (3) key components of the nucleus?
- Nuclear Envelope
- Nuclear Lamina
- Nucleolus
Which organelle functions in protein synthesis and post-translational modification (e.g., glycoproteins)
Rough ER
Which organelle functions in lipid and steroid synthesis, detoxification (liver), and Ca2+ storage (muscle)
Smooth ER
What 3 components do eukaryotes have that prokaryotes lack?
- Nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelles
- Complexity
What model describes the cell membrane as a flexible structure where phospholipids move freely and proteins are embedded?
Fluid Mosaic Model
What are the (3) components of the cytoskeleton?
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate Filaments
- Microtubules
Which component of the cytoskeleton function as actin filaments that aid in motility (e.g., muscle contraction)?
Microfilaments
Which component of the cytoskeleton provide structural support (e.g., keratin)?
Intermediate Filaments
Which component of the cytoskeleton function in cell division (spindle apparatus), motility (cilia/flagella), and intracellular transport?
Microtubules
Which organelle breaks down nutrients, organelles, and phagocytosed particles?
Lysosomes
Which organelle breaks down toxic substances using catalase?
Peroxisomes
What are the (3) pieces of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts:
1. Have circular DNA
2. Divide by binary fission
3. Contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes
What are the (3) types of vacuoles?
- Transport Vacuoles
- Central Vacuole
- Contractile Vacuole
Which type of vacuole is responsible for moving substances between organelles and the plasma membrane?
Transport Vacuole
Which type of vacuole is responsible for storing water/nutrients and providing turgor pressure?
Central Vacuole
Which type of vacuole is responsible for expelling water in hypotonic environments?
Contractile Vacuole
What are the (2) types of Membrane Proteins?
- Peripheral Proteins
- Integral Proteins
Which membrane protein is responsible for attaching to the surface and is hydrophilic?
Peripheral
Which membrane protein is embedded and hydrophobic?
Integral
Transmembrane Proteins are a class of which type of membrane protein?
Integral Proteins
What are the (5) functions of membrane proteins?
- Transport
- Receptors
- Adhesion
- Recognition
- Enzymatic
Which type of transport does NOT require ATP?
Passive Transport
