2. Chain Of Survival

Question 1

What are the components of the Pediatric In-Hospital Chain of Survival?

Answer 1

Activation of Emergency Response, High-Quality CPR, Recovery

The Pediatric In-Hospital Chain of Survival emphasizes immediate response and effective CPR within hospital settings.

Question 2

What are the components of the Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Chain of Survival?

Answer 2

Activation of Emergency Response, High-Quality CPR, Recovery

The Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Chain of Survival focuses on actions taken outside of hospital settings.

Question 3

What are the components of the Adult In-Hospital Chain of Survival?

Answer 3

Activation of Emergency Response, High-Quality CPR, Defibrillation, Recovery

The Adult In-Hospital Chain of Survival includes the critical step of defibrillation.

Question 4

What are the components of the Adult Out-of-Hospital Chain of Survival?

Answer 4

Activation of Emergency Response, High-Quality CPR, Defibrillation, Recovery

The Adult Out-of-Hospital Chain of Survival also includes defibrillation as a key component.

Question 5

True or False: The Chain of Survival differs based on whether the arrest occurs in or out of the hospital.

Answer 5

True

The Chain of Survival is adapted for different environments and age groups.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The Chain of Survival will differ based on the _______ of the victim.

Answer 6

Age

The Chain of Survival is tailored to specific age groups, including pediatric and adult patients.

Question 7

What are the elements of the Chain of Survival?

Answer 7

The elements include:
1. Prevention and preparedness
2. Activating the emergency response system
3. High-quality CPR, including early defibrillation
4. Advanced resuscitation interventions
5. Post-cardiac arrest care
6. Recovery

Question 8

What is the importance of prevention and preparedness in cardiac arrest?

Answer 8

Prevention and preparedness are essential for early recognition of cardiac arrest and rapid response.

Question 9

What are the characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests?

Answer 9

Most out-of-hospital adult cardiac arrests are unexpected and occur in public settings or at home.

Question 10

What factors contribute to successful outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests?

Answer 10

Successful outcomes depend on early high-quality CPR and rapid defibrillation in the first few minutes after the arrest.

Question 11

What role do community programs play in cardiac arrest response?

Answer 11

Organized community programs prepare the public to respond quickly to cardiac arrest, improving outcomes.

Question 12

What is telecommunicator-assisted CPR (T-CPR)?

Answer 12

T-CPR involves emergency telecommunicators giving CPR instructions to increase bystander CPR rates and improve outcomes.

Question 13

How can mobile phone apps assist in cardiac arrest situations?

Answer 13

Mobile phone apps can summon trained CPR responders and help locate the nearest AED.

Question 14

What is the purpose of public access defibrillation (PAD) programs?

Answer 14

PAD programs aim to reduce the time to defibrillation by placing AEDs in public places and training laypeople to use them.

Question 15

What does preparedness in a hospital setting involve?

Answer 15

Preparedness includes early recognition and rapid response to patients who may need resuscitation.

Question 16

What typically causes cardiac arrest in hospital patients?

Answer 16

In-hospital cardiac arrests usually result from serious respiratory or circulatory conditions that worsen.

Question 17

What is essential once cardiac arrest is recognized in a hospital?

Answer 17

Immediate activation of the emergency response system, early high-quality CPR, and rapid defibrillation are essential.

Question 18

How is the emergency response system activated out-of-hospital?

Answer 18

It usually involves shouting for help and phoning 9-1-1 or the local emergency response number.

Question 19

What should employees know about activating the emergency response system in the workplace?

Answer 19

Every employee should know how to activate the emergency response system in their setting.

Question 20

How is the emergency response system activated in a hospital?

Answer 20

Activation is specific to each institution and may involve summoning a rapid response team or activating a code.

Question 21

What is the first step in activating the emergency response system?

Answer 21

Activate the emergency response system in your setting.

This applies to both out-of-hospital and in-hospital settings.

Question 22

What are the key components of high-quality CPR?

Answer 22

High-quality CPR includes minimal interruptions and early defibrillation.

These actions are closely related to good resuscitation outcomes.

Question 23

What is the impact of high-quality CPR and early defibrillation on survival chances?

Answer 23

They can double or triple the chances of survival when started immediately after cardiac arrest.

Question 24

Who can provide high-quality CPR and early defibrillation?

Answer 24

Both members of the public and healthcare providers can provide these interventions.

Question 25

What should bystanders do if they are not trained in CPR?

Answer 25

Bystanders should at least provide chest compressions, also known as Hands-Only CPR.

Question 26

How can untrained bystanders perform chest compressions?

Answer 26

They can receive guidance from emergency telecommunicators over the phone (T-CPR).

Question 27

What are advanced resuscitation interventions?

Answer 27

Advanced interventions may include obtaining vascular access, giving medications, and placing an advanced airway. They can also involve obtaining a 12-lead ECG or starting advanced cardiac monitoring.

Question 28

What is the role of lay rescuers in out-of-hospital settings?

Answer 28

Lay rescuers provide high-quality CPR and defibrillation with an AED until a multirescuer team takes over the resuscitation attempt.

Question 29

What is the composition of a high-performance team in a hospital?

Answer 29

The team may include physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, pharmacists, and others.

Question 30

What is extracorporeal CPR?

Answer 30

Extracorporeal CPR may be used in certain resuscitation situations in a hospital setting.

Question 31

What does post-cardiac arrest care include?

Answer 31

Post-cardiac arrest care includes routine critical care support, such as artificial ventilation and blood pressure management.

Question 32

Where does post-cardiac arrest care begin?

Answer 32

This care begins in the field and continues during transport to a medical facility.

Question 33

What is a cardiac catheterization procedure?

Answer 33

A catheter is inserted in an artery and threaded through blood vessels to evaluate heart function and blood flow.

Question 34

What interventions may be needed after cardiac arrest recovery?

Answer 34

Interventions may address the underlying cause of cardiac arrest or provide cardiac rehabilitation, including neurological recovery.

Question 35

Why is psychological support important during recovery?

Answer 35

Psychological support is important for both the patient and family during the recovery period, and rescuers may also benefit from it.

Question 36

What are the five key elements affecting all Chains of Survival?

Answer 36

The elements are initial support, resuscitation teams, available resources, resuscitation constraints, and level of complexity.

Question 37

What are the key differences between in-hospital and out-of-hospital Chains of Survival?

Answer 37

Key differences exist in initial support, resuscitation teams, and available resources, while resuscitation constraints and level of complexity are the same.

Question 38

What is the initial support for in-hospital cardiac arrest?

Answer 38

Depends on an in-hospital system of appropriate surveillance, monitoring, and prevention with responsive primary provider teams.

Question 39

What factors influence resuscitation efforts in in-hospital cardiac arrest?

Answer 39

The smooth interaction of an institution's various departments and services (such as the patient ward, ED, cardiac cath lab, and intensive care unit) and a multidisciplinary team of professional providers, which includes physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, pharmacists, counselors, and others.

Question 40

What resources are available for in-hospital cardiac arrest?

Answer 40

Depending on the facility, in-hospital multidisciplinary teams may have immediate access to additional personnel as well as resources of the ED, cardiac cath lab, and intensive care unit.

Question 41

What is the initial support for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?

Answer 41

Depends on community and EMS providers for support.

Question 42

What factors influence resuscitation efforts in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?

Answer 42

Lay rescuers who need to recognize an unresponsive victim and quickly activate the emergency response system, perform CPR, and use an AED (if available) until a high-performance team takes over.

Question 43

What resources may be limited in out-of-hospital settings?

Answer 43

AED access may be limited, untrained rescuers may require T-CPR for guidance, and EMS high-performance teams may have limited resources until additional backup arrives.

Question 44

What factors may affect resuscitation attempts in both settings?

Answer 44

Crowd control, space constraints, resources, training, patient transport, and device failures.

Question 45

What is a key characteristic of resuscitation attempts in both settings?

Answer 45

They are typically complex and require teamwork and coordination between rescuers and care providers.

Question 46

What is a key difference in the causes of cardiac arrest between adults and children?

Answer 46

In adults, cardiac arrest is often sudden and frequently results from a cardiac cause, while in children, it is often secondary to respiratory failure or shock.

Question 47

What is the first link in the pediatric Chains of Survival?

Answer 47

Prevention of cardiac arrest through early identification of respiratory or circulatory problems and appropriate treatment.

Question 48

How can early identification affect survival in pediatric cases?

Answer 48

It may prevent progression to cardiac arrest and maximize survival.