2-Connective Tissue Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
All connective tissue can trace back to _______
A
Mesoderm (mesenchyme cells)
2
Q
What are the 2 major divisions of connective tissue?
A
Connective tissue proper
Specialized connective tissue
3
Q
What is the primary function of connective tissue?
A
Provides and maintains form of the body
4
Q
What is connective tissue made of?
A
- Ground substance
- Fibers
- Cells
5
Q
Glycosaminoglycans and structural glycoproteins make up which component of connective tissue?
A
Ground Substance
6
Q
What is the main function of ground substance?
A
Lubricant and barrier
7
Q
Where do you usually see ground substance?
A
Around the heart, lungs, and GI tract
8
Q
Ground Substance is primarily __________
A
Sugar
9
Q
Where is dermatan sulfate found?
A
In the dermis of the skin
10
Q
What type of collagen is dermis made of?
A
Type 1
11
Q
Chondroitin Sulfate is made up what type of collagen?
A
Type 2
12
Q
Chondroitin Sulfate can be found where?
A
In the cartilage of joints
13
Q
Heparan Sulfate is what type of fiber
A
Type 3 collagen
14
Q
Heparan Sulfate can be found where?
A
In reticular fibers
15
Q
What are structural glycoproteins?
A
Proteins to which branched carbohydrates are attached
16
Q
What are 2 examples of glycoprotein?
A
Laminin and Fibronectin
17
Q
Where is laminin found?
A
In the basal lamina
18
Q
What is fibronectin used for?
A
Cellular adhesion
19
Q
What are the three types of connective tissue fibers?
A
Collagen
Elastin
Reticular
20
Q
___________ is the most abundant protein of the body
A
Collagen
21
Q
Collagen is formed by __________
A
Fibroblast
22
Q
Nonelastic, acidophilic tissue with a tensile strength stronger than steel
A
Collagen Fibers
23
Q
What are some examples of collagen fibers?
A
Cartilage, bone, connective tissue proper
24
Q
Strings of amino acid come together to make _______
A
Tropocollagen
25
Each T strand has ___ fibrils associated with it
3
26
_________ _________ form an irregular network
Elastic fibers
27
Elastic fibers can stretch _____ times their original length
1.5
28
The core of elastic fibers are made of _________ but its surrounded by ________
Elastin proteins
| Microfibrils
29
Do Elastic Fibers form a regular or irregular network?
Irregular (no orientation)
30
Type 3 collagen fibers make up a network that supports cells and allows filtration.. What are these fibers called?
Reticular fibers
31
_______ forms a network that holds cells in place but lets fluids come through
Reticular Fibers
32
Reticular Fibers are mainly found where?
In organs that filter
33
What are the 5 types of connective tissue cells?
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Fibroblast
Fibrocyte
Macrophage
Mast Cell
Plasma Cell
```
34
______ are the most common connective tissue cell
Fibroblast
35
What are fibroblasts responsible for?
Synthesis of fibers and ground substance
36
What is a fibrocyte?
An older fibroblasts
Cells that were fibroblasts but are now inactive
37
What is a macrophage?
Phagocytes that act as our body’s first line of defense.
38
Macrophages are derived from __________
Blood monocytes
39
What is the function of Mast Cells?
Secrete ECF-A
| -used in allergic reactions
40
Mast Cells contain what three components?
Heparin, histamine, and ECF-A
41
Mast Cells have surface receptors for ______
IgE
42
Which cells are the fewest in connective tissues?
Plasma cells
43
What is the function of plasma cells?
Synthesis of antibodies
44
Plasma cella are part of which system?
Immune system
45
_______ activates plasma cell?
Antigen (ag)
46
What are the three classifications of connective tissue?
Connective Tissue Proper
Special Connective Tissue
Supporting Connective Tissue
47
What are the three types of connective tissue proper?
Loose
Dense irregular
Dense regular
48
What are the 2 types of special connective tissue?
Adipose
| Elastic
49
What are the 2 types of supporting connective tissue?
Cartilage
| Bone
50
This type of connective tissue fills in spaces, supports epithelial tissue, surrounds lymphatic and blood vessels.
Loose areolar connective tissue
51
Loose areolar connective tissue contains which type of cells?
Fibroblast, macrophage, collagen fiber, elastic fiber, reticular fiber
52
What is the major component of loose areolar connective tissue?
Amorphous ground substance
53
How does loose areolar connective tissue respond to stress?
It is not resistant to stress - it will tear
54
Dense irregular connective tissue can be found where?
In the dermis of the skin
55
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue contains ________ collagen fibers and ______ cells
More
| Less
56
How does Dense Irregular Connective Tissue respond to stress?
It resists stress in all directions
57
Dense regular connective tissue contains _____ collagen fibers and _____ cells.
More
| Less
58
How does Dense Regular Connective Tissue respond to stress?
It can resist stress in one direction, but not well in others.
59
Collagen fibers are parallel to each other in what type of connective tissue?
Dense regular
60
Which type of connective tissue is composed of bundles of thick elastic fibers?
Elastic connective tissue
61
Where can elastic connective tissue be found?
In the ligamentum flava
62
How does Elastic Connective Tissue respond to stress?
It gives in all directions
63
Which type of connective tissue is specialized loose connective tissue that forms a framework in lymphoid and myeloid organs
Reticular connective tissue
64
Reticular connective tissues are made of _______
Reticular fibers
65
___________ connective tissue is like a net that hold cells in place but allow fluid to move through
Reticular
66
Fibroblasts of reticular connective tissue are called __________
Reticulocyte
67
___________ connective tissue contains a high concentration of amorphous ground substance with hyaluronic acid.
Mucous
68
Where is mucous connective tissue found?
In the Wharton’s Jelly of the umbilical cord
69
What are the functions of adipose tissue?
Energy storage
Shapes the body
Insulates the body
70
What are the 2 types of adipose tissue?
Unilocular (yellow)
| Multilocular (brown)
71
Cells that appear as a thin layer of cytoplasm with a flattened nucleus
Unilocular Adipose Tissue
72
_____________ is primarily used for heat energy
Multilocular Adipose Tissue
73
What are the functions of cartilage?
Support soft tissue
Provide sliding areas for joints
Growth of bones
74
Where do you find cartilage?
In joints
75
How does cartilage respond to stress?
It can compress and snap back when it is healthy
76
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrous
77
What is the primary substance in hyaline cartilage?
Water
78
Where is elastic cartilage found?
Auricle of the ear
79
Where is Fibrocartilage found?
In the intervertebral discs
80
Fibrocartilage always occurs in _________
Dense connective tissue
81
What are the three types of bone cells?
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast
82
What is the function of osteoblast?
Synthesis of osteoid (build up of bones)
83
________ is the organic component of bone
Osteoid
84
_______ are found on the surface of bone
Osteoblasts
85
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells
86
What is the function of osteoclasts?
Break down bone
87
Osteoclasts develop from _______
Monocytes
88
Why do we break down bone?
Release calcium into blood stream
| Remodeling of bone
89
The area where bone is being removed is called ________?
Howship’s lacuna
90
What is the percentage of the inorganic portion of the bone?
50%
91
What is the inorganic portion of bone made of?
Hydroxyapatite crystals
92
Where are hydroxyapatite crystals located?
Between type 1 collagen fibers
93
What allows organic and inorganic material to interact?
The shell of hydration that surrounds the bone matrix
94
2 ways to look at bone
Decalcified bone
| Ground bone
95
Periosteum & Endosteum are what two layers
External dense connective tissue
| Internal osteogenic layer
96
How do periosteum and endosteum attach to the bone matrix?
Sharper’s Fibers
97
Which is thinner, periosteum or endosteum?
Endosteum
98
How are Haversian canals oriented?
They run along the long axis of the bone
99
How are Volkmanns canals oriented in ground bone?
They run at 90 degrees to the Haversian canal
100
The marrow cavity is made up of what?
Red marrow
| Yellow marrow
101
Which type of bone undergoes the most remodeling?
Cancellous bones
102
What is yellow marrow?
Adipose
103
Physis AKA
Growth plate
104
physis is made of _________
Hyaline cartilage
105
How many Zones of Bone Growth are there?
5
106
ID the zone:
Classic hyaline cartilage
Zone of resting cartilage
107
ID the zone:
No bone growth, gain more and more chondrocytes
Zone of proliferation
108
ID the zone:
Chondrocytes take on water and cause bone to elongate
Zone of Hypertrophy
109
ID the zone:
Osteoblasts come in and bone starts to form
Zone of calcification
110
ID the zone:
Regular bone
Bone of diaphysis
111
What are the molecules that make up hydroxyapatite crystals
Calcium
Phosphate
Water
112
Howship’s Lacuna contain what cell?
Osteoclast
113
What cell is lipid droplet not membrane bound, and surrounded by reticular tissue
Unilocular adipose tissue
114
Adipose cells with many lipid droplets and many mitochondria
Multilocular Adipose Tissue
115
```
What does this describe:
Avascular
Uses diffusion
No nerves or lymphatics
Low metabolic rate
Bear stress without permanent damage
```
Cartilage
