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RICS Mandatory > 2 - Construction Technology and Environmental Services > Flashcards

2 - Construction Technology and Environmental Services Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of piling?

A
  • Friction - forces through the surface of pile
  • End bearing - forces through the toe of the pile
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2
Q

What Environmental legislation are you aware of that relate to your area of practice?

A
  • Building Act 1984 and building regulations
  • Part L - Conservation of Fuel and Power
  • Part F - Ventilation
  • Environment Act
  • Climate Change Act 2008
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3
Q

What did the Environment Act do in the UK?

A
  • Established the Environment Agency

- Placed duty on Secretary of State to create environmental policies

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4
Q

What are the key elements of a structure?

A
  • Substructure foundations
  • Superstructure (main and secondary steel)
  • Envelope
  • Internal partitions
  • MEP Services
  • FF&E
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5
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using concrete?

A
  • Quick fabrication time
  • Can make nearly any shape
  • Fireproof
  • Less maintenance
  • Heavy
  • High carbon footprint
  • Slow and harder to erect
  • Not easy to modify
  • Quality problems in UK
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6
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using steel?

A
  • Quick erection
  • Recyclable
  • Common in the UK - long standing industry
  • Not fireproof
  • High carbon footprint
  • Longer lead time
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7
Q

What are the main components of a concrete floor?

A
  • Subgrade
  • Granular grade
  • Rebar mesh
  • Concrete
  • Various membranes as required
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8
Q

What are the main components of a mezzanine deck?

A
  • Structure
  • Deck type - metsec, boarded, composite steel
  • Crinkly tin
  • Mesh and concrete
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9
Q

What is power floating?

A

Using a machine to ensure a smooth, dense and uniform finish on a concrete surface

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10
Q

What do you know about the Building Act 1984?

A
  • Set out the building regulations
  • Established the rights for local authorities to enforce these
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11
Q

How does building regulations approval work?

A
  • Via LPA or Approved Inspector
  • Full Plans submission via the LPA
  • Ultimately must obtain a Completion Certificate
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12
Q

What is a curtain wall?

A

Outer most part of a building which is not structural and so lighter materials can be used.

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13
Q

What are the different types of foundation?

A
  • Deep (piled)
  • Shallow
  • Pad
  • Raft
  • Ground beam
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14
Q

What are the different types of ground improvement methods?

A
  • Compaction
  • Stone columns
  • Vitrification
  • Lime stabilisation
  • Soil nailing
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15
Q

What different types of piling are you aware of?

A
  • Precast driven
  • Steel tube driven
  • Screw piling
  • Vibro sheet piling
  • CFA piling
  • Contiguous and secant piling
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16
Q

What different types of ground works are you aware of?

A
  • Site clearance
  • Topsoil strip
  • Cut and fill or excavation to level
  • Compaction and consolidation
  • Battering
  • Foundation excavations
  • Stockpiling and balancing
  • Arisings disposal
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17
Q

What type of ventilation system are there?

A
  • Natural - Window, openings
  • Mixed Mode - Bit of both
  • Extract only - Kitchen
  • Supply and extract - German fire systems
  • HVAC - Treating an internal space
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18
Q

What are the elements of an HVAC system?

A
  • Heating element such as a furnace to heat air
  • Fans to circulate air
  • Ductwork, textile socks, diffusers etc. to distribute air
  • Cooling refrigerant to cool air
  • Extract and supply
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19
Q

What is an AHU and what does it do?

A

Air handling unit. It effectively regulates air going in and out of a space and can manage heating, cooling, filtration etc.

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20
Q

Who holds ground risk in a contract?

A
  • Whoever owns the risk in the contract
  • JCT is silent, so Contractor
  • NEC is usually Contractor, unless it is deemed that there was such a small chance of something happening that an experienced contractor would not have priced for it. Then it’s a CE.
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21
Q

How does a sprinkler system work?

A
  • Sprinkler tanks
  • Ring main
  • Manifold
  • Main sprinkler runs
  • Secondary sprinkler runs
  • Sprinkler heads - bulb that breaks
  • Jockey pump to keep pressure
  • Full pumps kick in
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22
Q

What’s the standard make up of a road?

A
  • Compacted sub base
  • Base course
  • Binder course
  • Wearing course
  • Line painting

May have sand layer or waterproofing if over a bridge deck

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23
Q

How long does concrete cure?

A

28-day is strong
Cube tests shows strength at different days

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24
Q

What is concrete made of?

A
  • Cement, aggregate and water

- Rebar

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25
Q

What types of ceiling are there?

A
  • Open
  • Semi-open
  • Suspended
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26
Q

What is a heat pump and how does it work?

A
  • Move heat from a cold place to a warm place
  • Air is made hotter by compression
  • Then sent to coils indoors to release heat
  • Condenses and returns to initial coil
  • Can be both Air and Ground
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27
Q

What’s the difference between a warm and cold roof?

A

Warm - the roof space itself is insulated keeping it warm.
Cold - an uninsulated space

Cold - Insulation placed above the ceiling, not between the roof rafters. So roof is cold.

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28
Q

What is the threshold for a waste management plan?

A

£300k

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29
Q

What is carbon offsetting?

A

Compensating for carbon emissions by participating in schemes designed to make equivalent reductions.

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30
Q

What is Net Zero

A

Where we emit equal carbon to what we remove

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31
Q

What is buildability?

A

The extent to which the design of a building facilitates the ease of construction.

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32
Q

What are temporary works?

A

These are works which enable the permanent construction like scaffolding or propping.

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33
Q

What are hoists?

A

Vertical transportation of materials or people

34
Q

What is shoring?

A

Form of temporary support to existing buildings and excavations.

35
Q

What is the substructure of a building.

A

Anything that is below the damp proof membrane.

36
Q

What is ground heave?

A

Upward movement of soil associated with clays expanding when wet.

37
Q

What are the different forms of excavation?

A

Site clearance
Stripping topsoil
Reduced level dig
Cut and fill
Excavation for foundation

38
Q

What factors should the contractor consider when excavating?

A

Nature of soul
Method of excavation
Are ground support systems required
Depth
Underground services and drainage

39
Q

What are the techniques to waterproof a basement

A

Tanking - Materials are applied to provide a continuous membrane to the walls
Drained cavity - Water seepage is collected in the cavity and drained away

40
Q

What is the purpose of foundations?

A

Support the structure transferring their load to the ground

41
Q

What are the considerations when selecting the size/type of foundation

A

Total building load
Load bearing ground capacity
Type of structure
Cost

42
Q

What is a raft foundation?

A

A continuous slab over the entire floor print

43
Q

What are pad foundations?

A

Support individual or multiple columns spreading the load

44
Q

What are strip foundations?

A

Strips of linear structure that serves to spread the weight across the entire ground area

45
Q

Explain how end bearing and friction piles transfer the load

A

End bearing - Rests on a layer of string soil / rock
Friction - Friction of soil around the pile keeps it in place

46
Q

What’s the difference between bored and driven piles?

A

Driven pile is made off site
Bored pile is made on site

47
Q

Adv and Disadv of driven piles

A

Precast to the right spec
Any size / length
Fast

Requires heavy equipment
Increased noise / vibration
Can be costly

48
Q

Adv and Disadv of bored piles

A

Any size / length
No risk of damage in transit
Reduced vibration / noise

Significant spoils are generated
Coordination of multiple trades

49
Q

What is a secant piled wall?

A

Interlocking piles creating a solid barrier free of gaps

50
Q

What is the superstructure of a building?

A

Structural components of a building constructed above ground level.

51
Q

What is the envelope of the building?

A

The boundary between the interior and exterior of the building.

Walls, floor, roof, windows, doors

52
Q

What do you have to consider when designing external walls?

A

Weather protection
Fire resistance
Acoustic / thermal performance
Structural performance

53
Q

What is a retained facade?

A

The façade of the building preserves whilst the rest of the structure is remodelled.

54
Q

What are weep holes?

A

Small openings in the brickwork allowing ventilation and moisture to drain away

55
Q

What are two types of brick bond?

A

English - Alternating header / stretcher
Stretcher - Stretcher only

56
Q

What is a curtain walling system?

A

Lightweight aluminium frame onto which glazed infill panels can be fixed

57
Q

What is a movement joint?

A

Absorbs the expansion and contraction of materials

58
Q

What are the main components of concrete?

A

Water
Aggregate
Cement

59
Q

Difference between dead and live loads?

A

Dead - Static forces that are relatively constant
Live - Transfer dynamic loads like people and furniture

60
Q

What are retaining walls?

A

A wall that holds back the soil behind it resisting the lateral pressure of the soil.

61
Q

What is pre-tensioned concrete?

A

Concrete which has the steel tensioned before it it subject to loading.

62
Q

What is post-tensioned concrete?

A

Steel is cast around the concrete and streteched through ducts when the concrete is set.

63
Q

What is reinforced concrete?

A

Concrete is strong in compression but brittle, but having steel meshing in the concrete to use its tensile strength.

64
Q

Adv and Disadv of timber frame

A

Speed
Lightweight
Sustainability

Fire protection required
Skilled workmanship

65
Q

What is a portal frame?

A

A beam supported by columns at either end connecting to rafters with eaves/haunch connections

66
Q

Adv and Disadv of concrete frame?

A

Fire protection inherent
Sound / heat insulation

Requires formwork
Slower to construct
Long curing time

67
Q

What is a CAT A fitout?

A

Provides a basic level of finish

68
Q

What is a CAT B fitout?

A

Provides a space that is ready to move in and operate

69
Q

What is rainscreen cladding?

A

Serves as a screen and protection against the rain breaking the force of the rain

70
Q

What are Gable, Hipped or Mansard Roofs

A

Gable - Sloping in two parts
Hipped - Sloping from all sides
Mansard - Sloping all sides with a shallow / flat roof

71
Q

What are the building regulations?

A

Ensures buildings are safe, healthy and high performing

72
Q

What are British Standards?

A

Recommend minimum standards for materials, components, design and construction.

73
Q

What are O&M Manuals?

A

Upon completion O&M manuals are issued to the client with information on how the building was built, maintained, cleaned and decommissioned.

74
Q

What are the recent changes to Approved Document B?

A
  • Extended the ban on combustible materials used in / on external walls from buildings over 11m
  • Resi buildings over 18m must have a fire alert system
  • Banning Metal Composite Material of the type used on Grenfell
  • Secure information boxes on buildings over 11m
75
Q

Explain the Tech Sub / Drawing review process

A
  • Contractor will issue a tech sub
  • This will be reviewed by a competent individual in terms of performance
  • It will be approved or given a A, B or C rating
76
Q

Describe the construction of Warehouse 5

A
  • Bored piled foundations with ground beams
  • Steel portal frame structure
  • 4 mezzanine floors with office and warehouse space
  • Super flat concrete floor
  • 5,818 pallet spaces on storage racking reaching 17.5m
  • Air Handling Unit
77
Q

What is a superflat concrete floor? How do you build it?

A

A specific flatness spec for lift trucks and material handlers.

Construction of a normal slab and then use of laser guided grinding to achieve the tolerance.

78
Q

Pro’s and Con’s of off site construction

A
  • Quality control
  • Fast construction
  • Difficult to change design
  • Customisation difficult
  • Transportation / lifting
79
Q

It says you checked drawings, are you able to do this?

A

I checked the drawings to make sure they complied with the ER’s. I did not sign off the drawing as acceptable by giving it a A rating.

80
Q

What is CAT A Plus?

A

Between CAT A and B, where the landlord wants more practical design features that will make the space ready for occupation immediately.

81
Q

Wet riser vs dry riser

A

Wet - Used to supply water for firefighting
Dry - Empty pipe that firefighters connect to

82
Q

Party Wall

A

A wall that stands on the land of 2 or more owners
Party Wall Act 1996
Framework to prevent and control party wall issues

RICS Mandatory (12 decks)

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