2 - definitions

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

a state of equilibrium that is maintained in the body’s internal environment to support and sustain life

Question 2

anatomical terminology

Answer 2

terms used to describe specific locations, positions, or directions of the human body

Question 3

“anatomy” breakdown

Answer 3

“ana” = apart + “tome” = to cut

Question 4

body organization (smallest to largest)

Answer 4

atom < molecule < organelle < cell < tissue < organ < organ system < organism

Question 5

cell

Answer 5

basic building block of the human body

Question 6

tissue

Answer 6

a grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function

Question 7

four main types of tissue

Answer 7

connective, epithelial, nervous, muscle

Question 8

6 functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 8

1. protection (physical barrier)
2. sensation (specialized cells in skin/eyes/ears/nose/tongue)
3. absorption (lines small intestine for nutrient absorption)
4. excretion (kidneys and sweat)
5. secretion (hormones/enzymes/fluids)
6. diffusion (gas exchange in lungs and vessels)

Question 9

most common type of tissue

Answer 9

connective

Question 10

three kinds of muscle tissue

Answer 10

1. smooth - organs (involuntary / autonomic)
2. skeletal - bones // movement and posture (voluntary)
3. cardiac - heart (involuntary / autonomic)

Question 11

nervous tissue

Answer 11

communicates throughout the body and controls function; conducts electricity

Question 12

organs

Answer 12

structures, formed by combinations of tissue coming together, in the body that perform specific purposes

Question 13

organ systems

Answer 13

groups of different organs functioning together for a common purpose

Question 14

integumentary system

Answer 14

(skin) protective membrane, temperature regulator, sensory receptor

Question 15

skeletal system

Answer 15

framework/support, shape, protection, mineral storage, movement via joints

Question 16

muscular system

Answer 16

movement and heat production, posture maintenance

Question 17

nervous system

Answer 17

transmits impulses, responds to change, responsible for communication and controls all parts of body

Question 18

endocrine system

Answer 18

has glands that produce hormones (chemical messengers) that aid in communication within and control over the various parts of the body

Question 19

cardiovascular system

Answer 19

transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, delivers nutrients and hormones, and removes waste products

Question 20

blood/lymphatic system

Answer 20

transports oxygen/carbon dioxide/protein/fluids, contains chemical substances and cells that act to protect body from foreign substances (immunity)

Question 21

respiratory system

Answer 21

provides usable oxygen for the body used by individual tissue cells and removes their gaseous waste, carbon dioxide

Question 22

digestive system

Answer 22

digestion, absorption, and elimination

Question 23

urinary system

Answer 23

produces, transports, and eliminates urine; maintain electrolyte/water/acid-base balance of body

Question 24

reproductive system

Answer 24

responsible for sexual characteristics; proper function ensures progeny and maintaining human race

Question 25

anatomical position (standard)

Answer 25

upright, head facing forward, and arms extended by the side of the body with the palms oriented to the front

Question 26

pov (orientation of R and L) of anatomic position

Answer 26

the subject NOT the observer

Question 27

body planes

Answer 27

the four sections in which the body is divided; sagittal, midsagittal, transverse, and coronal

Question 28

sagittal

Answer 28

separates body or structure vertically to right and left sections

Question 29

midsagittal plane

Answer 29

separates body or structure vertically to EQUAL right and left sections down the midline

Question 30

transverse (horizontal) plane

Answer 30

separates body or structure horizontally into superior and inferior sections

Question 31

coronal (frontal) plane

Answer 31

separates body or structure perpendicular to midsagittal plane to anterior and posterior sections

Question 32

directional terms

Answer 32

describe the location of a body part in relation to another body part (anatomical position is assumed)

Question 33

body cavities

Answer 33

hollow spaces enclosed with membranes that contain organs; cranial, thoracic, spinal, abdominopelvic

Question 34

cranial cavity

Answer 34

posterior; contains the brain and is protected by a membrane sac (meninges) and the skull

Question 35

spinal cavity

Answer 35

posterior; contains the spinal cord and is protected by meninges and cervical/thoracic/lumbar vertebrae

Question 36

thoracic cavity

Answer 36

anterior; contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus gland, is protected by the ribs, and separated into the mediastinum and pleural cavities

Question 37

mediastinum

Answer 37

central region containing heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta and thymus gland

Question 38

pleural cavities

Answer 38

two regions lateral to the mediastinum; each contains a lung and covered by the membrane, the pleura

Question 39

what separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 39

the diaphragm

Question 40

abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 40

anterior; two main sections (w/ NO PHYSICAL DIVIDER): abdominal and pelvic cavities, covered by the peritoneum

Question 41

abdominal cavity

Answer 41

superior section; contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and most of large intestine

Question 42

pelvic cavity

Answer 42

inferior section; contains urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, last section of large intestine, and reproductive organs (sex specific) ______ Male: prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and vas deferens Female: vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes

Question 43

abdominal regions (anatomical system)

Answer 43

1. hypochondriac regions (R and L) 2. epigastric region 3. lumbar regions (R and L) 4. umbilical region 5. iliac regions (R and L) 6. hypogastric region

Question 44

abdominal quadrants (clinical system)

Answer 44

1. right upper quadrant (RUQ) 2. left upper quadrant (LUQ) 3. right lower quadrant (RLQ) 4. left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Question 45

RUQ contains

Answer 45

majority of liver, right kidney, some large intestine, small portion of pancreas, gallbladder, and section of small intestine

Question 46

RLQ contains

Answer 46

portions of large and small intestine, right ureter, appendix, (females - right ovary and fallopian tube)

Question 47

LUQ contains

Answer 47

a small portion of liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, majority of pancreas, portions of small and large intestines

Question 48

LLQ contains

Answer 48

portions of small and large intestines, left ureter, (females - left ovary and fallopian tube)

Question 49

Body position terminology

Answer 49

commonly used in surgical positioning for efficiency; prone, supine, lithotomy position, and fowler position

Question 50

prone

Answer 50

body positioned horizontally, face down, back oriented superiorly

Question 51

supine

Answer 51

body positioned horizontally, face up, back oriented inferiorly

Question 52

lithotomy position

Answer 52

supine position, buttocks at end of table, hips and knees, flexed, and feet in stirrups

Question 53

fowler position

Answer 53

semi-recumbent position and supine but head of bed is elevated 45*